{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:35:52Z","timestamp":1791434152830,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia Leadership Fellowship","award":["1196261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196261"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC of Australia Emerging Leadership Fellowship","award":["2025886"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025886"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Research Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-15-IDEX-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-15-IDEX-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019979","name":"Grenoble Alpes University Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019979","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes","award":["ANR-19-P3IA-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-19-P3IA-0003"]}]},{"name":"STRATA","award":["ANR-24-CE36-3468-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-24-CE36-3468-01"]}]},{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute Sleep Health team"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as high blood pressure and pulse wave velocity, yet associations with cardiovascular events remain unknown. This study investigates the association of multi-night OSA severity and night-to-night variability with the prevalence of non-fatal major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multi-night data were collected from people who purchased and used an FDA-cleared under-mattress sensor to track nightly OSA severity (apnea-hypopnea index; AHI) and completed questionnaires on physician-diagnosed health conditions between 10\/2022\u201312\/2024. Mean OSA severity and variability (AHI standard deviation) were calculated over 6 months preceding questionnaire data collection. The primary outcome was a composite of non-fatal MACCEs, including myocardial infarction or heart attack, stroke, angina pectoris or coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure. Logistic models assessed associations of OSA severity and variability with MACCE prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 3,159 participants (19% female, aged 49\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u00a0years, BMI of 29\u2009\u00b1\u20096\u00a0kg\/m2), 142 (4.5%) MACCE cases were reported. Participants with moderate\u2013severe OSA had higher odds of MACCEs versus those without OSA (OR [95%CI]; 1.45 [0.93, 2.25]). High night-to-night OSA variability (75th vs. 25th percentile; 8.0 vs. 2.8 events\/h) was associated with 34% higher odds of having a MACCE, independent of OSA severity and other confounders (1.34 [1.04, 1.72]).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High night-to-night variability in OSA severity is associated with higher odds of non-fatal MACCEs. These novel findings underscore the need for prospective trials to investigate the potential causal mechanisms between variability in OSA severity and incident cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag084","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T12:48:17Z","timestamp":1774529297000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High night-to-night variability in obstructive sleep apnea severity is associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0760-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastien","family":"Lechat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2825-4056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Pinilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-9552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly","family":"Sansom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3919-1313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Vakulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0068-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Escourrou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Interdisciplinaire du Sommeil , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3832-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Louis","family":"P\u00e9pin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, Inserm U-1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, 38043 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-4650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Bailly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, Inserm U-1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, 38043 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2348-6918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Baillieul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Grenoble Alpes, HP2 Laboratory, Inserm U-1300, CHU Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, 38043 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9534-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy C","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4925-4725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Manners","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9372-6788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Catcheside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3503-2363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny J","family":"Eckert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI) Flagship Sleep Health Program, Flinders University , Adelaide ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2026061506412015000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30198-5","article-title":"Estimation of the global prevalence and burden of obstructive sleep apnoea: a literature-based analysis","volume":"7","author":"Benjafield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200911-1746OC","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea and incident stroke: the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"182","author":"Redline","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001599","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001599","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a decade-long historical cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061506412015000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000132","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and mortality: a prospective cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Punjabi","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202409-981ST","article-title":"The great controversy of obstructive sleep apnea treatment for cardiovascular risk benefit: advancing the science through expert consensus. An official American Thoracic Society workshop report","volume":"22","author":"Cohen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026061506412015000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00846-6","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea heterogeneity and cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Redline","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2023.101843","article-title":"Multi-night measurement for diagnosis and simplified monitoring of obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"72","author":"Lechat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.973","article-title":"Factors associated with nightly variability in sleep-disordered breathing in the elderly","volume":"100","author":"Bliwise","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.01.039","article-title":"Variability and misclassification of sleep apnea severity based on multi-night testing","volume":"158","author":"Punjabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202107-1761OC","article-title":"Multinight prevalence, variability, and diagnostic misclassification of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"205","author":"Lechat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061506412015000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-214544","article-title":"Night-to-night variability of respiratory events in obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Roeder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2019.100424","article-title":"Nightly sleep apnea severity in patients with atrial fibrillation: potential applications of long-term sleep apnea monitoring","volume":"24","author":"Linz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc"},{"issue":"19","key":"2026061506412015000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.08.2159","article-title":"Nightly variation in sleep apnea severity as atrial fibrillation risk","volume":"72","author":"Linz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00801-2","article-title":"High night-to-night variability in sleep apnea severity is associated with uncontrolled hypertension","volume":"6","author":"Lechat","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-026-02469-w","article-title":"Multi night digital assessment of sleep disordered breathing is associated with accelerated vascular aging","author":"Pinilla","year":"2026","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70313","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.70313","article-title":"Night-to-night variability in sleep apnea is associated with persistence and burden of device-detected atrial fibrillation","author":"Spitaler","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061506412015000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9168","article-title":"Validation of the Withings Sleep Analyzer, an under-the-mattress device for the detection of moderate-severe sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Edouard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.122.20513","article-title":"Sleep irregularity is associated with hypertension: findings from over 2 million nights with a large global population sample","volume":"80","author":"Scott","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061506412015000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14480","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14480","article-title":"Performance evaluation of an under-mattress sleep sensor versus polysomnography in &gt; 400 nights with healthy and unhealthy sleep","volume":"34","author":"Manners","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/77033","article-title":"Evaluation of a contactless sleep monitoring device for sleep stage detection at home in a healthy population: a prospective study in free living conditions","volume":"13","author":"Stefanos","year":"2026","journal-title":"JMIR Hum Factors"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50983","DOI":"10.2196\/50983","article-title":"Accuracy of 11 wearable, nearable, and airable consumer sleep trackers: prospective multicenter validation study","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa291","article-title":"Performance of seven consumer sleep-tracking devices compared with polysomnography","volume":"44","author":"Chinoy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.31710","article-title":"Comparison of home sleep devices and sleep study testing in hypoglossal nerve stimulation patients","volume":"135","author":"Huyett","year":"2025","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.70012","article-title":"Diagnostic modalities in sleep disordered breathing: current and emerging technology and its potential to transform diagnostics","volume":"30","author":"Pinilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53643","DOI":"10.2196\/53643","article-title":"Reliable contactless monitoring of heart rate, breathing rate, and breathing disturbance during sleep in aging: digital health technology evaluation study","volume":"12","author":"G Ravindran","year":"2024","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2172","article-title":"Rules for scoring respiratory events in sleep: update of the 2007 AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events","volume":"8","author":"Berry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026061506412015000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6506","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline for diagnostic testing for adult obstructive sleep apnea: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guideline","volume":"13","author":"Kapur","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/01973533.2016.1277529","article-title":"Extracting the variance inflation factor and other multicollinearity diagnostics from typical regression results","volume":"39","author":"Thompson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Basic Appl Soc Psych"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7","volume-title":"Regression Modeling Strategies","author":"Harrell","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.1.2001008","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing and cardiovascular disease: cross-sectional results of the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"163","author":"Shahar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9464","key":"2026061506412015000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71141-7","article-title":"Long-term cardiovascular outcomes in men with obstructive sleep apnoea-hypopnoea with or without treatment with continuous positive airway pressure: an observational study","volume":"365","author":"Marin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.08.021","article-title":"Cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea in women: a historical cohort study","volume":"68","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202105-1274OC","article-title":"Sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden, symptom subtypes, and risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality","volume":"205","author":"Trzepizur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061506412015000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606599","article-title":"CPAP for prevention of cardiovascular events in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"375","author":"McEvoy","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201601-0088OC","article-title":"Effect of positive airway pressure on cardiovascular outcomes in coronary artery disease patients with nonsleepy obstructive sleep apnea. The RICCADSA randomized controlled trial","volume":"194","author":"Peker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30271-1","article-title":"Effect of obstructive sleep apnoea and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure on the prevalence of cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ISAACC study): a randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1nchez-de-la-Torre","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061506412015000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202101-0088LE","article-title":"Sleep apnea and poor COVID-19 outcomes: beware of causal intermediates and colliders","volume":"203","author":"Mulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061506412015000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2019.03.005","article-title":"Variability of sleep apnea severity and risk of atrial fibrillation: the VARIOSA-AF study","volume":"5","author":"Linz","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC Clin Electrophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(12)70051-6","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease","volume":"1","author":"Sanchez-de-la-Torre","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"02","key":"2026061506412015000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2591-5462","article-title":"Sleep and cardiovascular health","volume":"46","author":"Pinilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026061506412015000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2022.11.005","article-title":"The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk: a compass for future health","volume":"80","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"25","key":"2026061506412015000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.021","article-title":"The global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risks: a compass for global action","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60218-1","article-title":"Global warming may increase the burden of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Lechat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061506412015000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202505-1184RL","article-title":"\"Social apnea\": obstructive sleep apnea is exacerbated on weekends","volume":"211","author":"Pinilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01016-0","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea severity varies by season and environmental influences such as ambient temperature","volume":"5","author":"Lechat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2501631","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01631-2025","article-title":"Rising prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea during night-time heatwaves across Europe","volume":"66","author":"Pinilla","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.810","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in chronic heart failure is highly variable when measured remotely using a novel non-contact biomotion sensor","volume":"19","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.245159","article-title":"Role of nocturnal rostral fluid shift in the pathogenesis of obstructive and central sleep apnoea","volume":"591","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00321-5","article-title":"Sleep apnoea and ischaemic stroke: current knowledge and future directions","volume":"21","author":"Baillieul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026061506412015000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.043483","article-title":"Sleep apnea and ischemic stroke: more insights on a timeless association","volume":"54","author":"Baillieul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.029847","article-title":"Dynamic prevalence of sleep disorders following stroke or transient ischemic attack: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Hasan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026061506412015000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.042325","article-title":"Longitudinal assessment of sleep apnea in the year after stroke in a population-based study","volume":"54","author":"Lisabeth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2019.101222","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of post-stroke insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"49","author":"Baylan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-200502000-00004","article-title":"Symptom profile of DSM-IV major and minor depressive disorders in first-ever stroke patients","volume":"13","author":"Spalletta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061506412015000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27651","article-title":"Marked reduction in obstructive sleep apnea severity in slow wave sleep","volume":"5","author":"Ratnavadivel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101958","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01958-2021","article-title":"Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnoea is associated with all-cause mortality","volume":"60","author":"Lechat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13563","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.13563","article-title":"The association of co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea with prevalent cardiovascular disease and incident cardiovascular events","volume":"31","author":"Lechat","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S379252","article-title":"All-cause mortality in people with co-occurring insomnia symptoms and sleep apnea: analysis of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort","volume":"14","author":"Lechat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14069","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14069","article-title":"Healthy lifestyle is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease, depression and mortality in people at elevated risk of sleep apnea","volume":"33","author":"Melaku","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061506412015000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00274-0","article-title":"Self-reports and general practitioner information on the presence of chronic diseases in community dwelling elderly. A study on the accuracy of patients' self-reports and on determinants of inaccuracy","volume":"49","author":"Kriegsman","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026061506412015000_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009387","article-title":"Validity of self-reported diagnoses leading to hospitalization: a comparison of self-reports with hospital records in a prospective study of American adults","volume":"147","author":"Bergmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026061506412015000_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy624","article-title":"The hypoxic burden of sleep apnoea predicts cardiovascular disease-related mortality: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study and the Sleep Heart Health Study","volume":"40","author":"Azarbarzin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061506412015000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202010-3900OC","article-title":"The sleep apnea-specific pulse rate response predicts cardiovascular morbidity and mortality","volume":"203","author":"Azarbarzin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.05.028","article-title":"Physiologic consequences of upper airway obstruction in sleep apnea","volume":"166","author":"Azarbarzin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026061506412015000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202206-1223OC","article-title":"Pulse wave amplitude drops index: a biomarker of cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"207","author":"Solelhac","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026061506412015000_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300828","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00828-2023","article-title":"Hypoxic burden to guide CPAP treatment allocation in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: a post hoc study of the ISAACC trial","volume":"62","author":"Pinilla","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf447","article-title":"Cardiovascular benefit of continuous positive airway pressure according to high-risk obstructive sleep apnoea: a multi-trial analysis","author":"Azarbarzin","year":"2025;447","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae295","article-title":"Night to night variability in obstructive sleep apnea severity, the physiological endotypes and the frequency of flow limitation","volume":"48","author":"Hynes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.03.019","article-title":"Night to night variability of pulse wave amplitude drops index","volume":"117","author":"Waeber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026061506412015000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000170138.56903.7a","article-title":"Superiority of ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement in predicting mortality: the Dublin outcome study","volume":"46","author":"Dolan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"22","key":"2026061506412015000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2368","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra060433","article-title":"Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring","volume":"354","author":"Pickering","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026061506412015000_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jey221","article-title":"Night-time systolic blood pressure and subclinical cerebrovascular disease: the cardiovascular abnormalities and brain lesions (CABL) study","volume":"20","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06107-6","article-title":"Continuous glucose monitoring in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Jancev","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-1459","article-title":"Effects of continuous glucose monitoring on metrics of glycemic control in diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"43","author":"Maiorino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"24","key":"2026061506412015000_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx760","article-title":"Blood pressure variability and risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with hypertension and different baseline risks","volume":"39","author":"Mehlum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2026061506412015000_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4098","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4098","article-title":"Blood pressure variability and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026061506412015000_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14033","article-title":"Blood pressure variability and the risk of dementia: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"75","author":"Yoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026061506412015000_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13708","article-title":"Blood pressure variability and incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2019.0751","article-title":"Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability, coronary atheroma progression, and clinical outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Clark","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026061506412015000_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000002735","article-title":"Short-term blood pressure variability, arterial stiffness, and cardiovascular events: results from the Bordeaux cohort","volume":"39","author":"Cremer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hypertens"}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag084\/67551032\/zsag084.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/49\/6\/zsag084\/67551032\/zsag084.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/49\/6\/zsag084\/67551032\/zsag084.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T10:41:30Z","timestamp":1781520090000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag084\/8541706"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag084","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"article-number":"zsag084"}}