{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:26:39Z","timestamp":1786685199282,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Genetic susceptibility to Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) may influence the extent to which environmental factors shape cognition, with individuals at higher genetic risk potentially exhibiting greater sensitivity to environmental exposures. Sleep, an important factor for both cognitive function and AD risk, may further moderate genetic influences (A), including both measured (AP) and latent (AL) components, as well as shared (C) and non-shared environmental (E) contributions to cognition. This study leveraged data from the Interplay of Genes and Environment across Multiple Studies consortium (N\u2009=\u20093894; 1947 complete twin pairs, 842 monozygotic (MZ) pairs and 1105 dizygotic (DZ); Average age\u2009=\u200962.36\u00a0years, 38.75% female). Across six cognitive abilities, we examined whether an AD polygenic score (AD-PGS) moderated environmental influences on cognitive performance. We also examined whether sleep moderated genetic and environmental contributions on cognitive performance. Although the AD-PGS accounted for a negligible proportion of genetic variance as a main effect (B\u2019s\u2009=\u2009\u20130.004 to 0.02), we observed environment-by-PGS interactions. Increasing genetic risk for AD was associated with lower contributions from environmental experiences unique to each individual, on episodic memory, working memory, and verbal ability (B\u2019s\u2009=\u2009\u20130.03 to \u20130.05). These interaction effects, albeit small, were primarily observed with the AD-PGS including the APOE region. Hence, the role of person-specific environments on cognitive functioning was boosted for those at lower genetic risk for AD but reduced at greater genetic risk for AD. Although sleep moderation was minimal, results suggest that poorer sleep influences genetic influences on cognitive functioning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Statement of Significance This study provides novel insights into how genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD-PGS), and sleep (duration and disturbances) moderate genetic and environmental contributions to cognitive performance. Although the AD-PGS accounts for minimal genetic variance, significant but small environment-by-PGS interactions emerged. Individuals with higher AD-PGS exhibited heightened responsiveness to nonshared environmental influences on episodic memory, working memory, and verbal ability, primarily driven by the APOE \u03b54 region. Poorer sleep may be associated with subtle variations in genetic contributions to cognition, though moderation effects were minimal. This work offers insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying sleep, AD risk, and cognition, underscoring the need to consider both genetic susceptibility and environmental influences when examining factors that contribute to individual differences in cognition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:05:36Z","timestamp":1777554336000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subjective sleep traits and cognition across mid- to late-adulthood: a cross-sectional study of gene\u2013environment interplay"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Tina T","family":"Vo-Eckerle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of ia , San Diego, La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8655-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan A","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond , VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5429-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaare","family":"Christensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Finkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping University , J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William S","family":"Kremen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of ia , San Diego, La Jolla, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California , San Diego, San Diego, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marianne","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Danish Twin Registry, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark , Odense ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9595-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perminder S","family":"Sachdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anbupalam","family":"Thalamuthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW , Sydney ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandra A","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California , Riverside, Riverside, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the IGEMS consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2026081400265572900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617719000183","article-title":"Poor sleep quality and compromised visual working memory capacity","volume":"25","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026081400265572900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1080\/09658211003601548","article-title":"The effects of sleep on episodic memory in older and younger 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