{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T23:56:16Z","timestamp":1792281376677,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize source-level cortical oscillatory dynamics before and during disorders of arousal (DoA) compared with physiological motor arousals in children and adults.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nineteen children (10.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0\u00a0years) and 22 adults (30.3\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2\u00a0years) with DoA underwent 256-channel high-density EEG with video-polysomnography. Source-space spectral analysis in delta (0.5\u20134\u00a0Hz) and beta (18\u201330\u00a0Hz) bands was computed during stable slow-wave-sleep (-3 to -2\u00a0minutes before movement onset) and from -5\u00a0seconds to +15\u00a0seconds around movement onset for 84 DoA episodes and 146 physiological motor arousals. Linear mixed-effects models with permutation-based cluster correction were applied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four reproducible cortical hallmarks emerged across age groups: (1) a widespread pre-onset increase in beta and delta relative to slow-wave-sleep; (2) sustained frontal delta enhancement over anterior cingulate, dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal, frontopolar, and orbitofrontal cortices; (3) concurrent centro-parietal delta suppression spanning posterior cingulate, precuneus, superior parietal, sensorimotor, and supplementary motor regions; and (4) persistent bilateral beta enhancement. Compared with physiological arousals, DoA arose from a \u201csleepier\u201d background (higher delta, lower beta) and displayed greater beta coexisting with frontal delta persistence. Children showed broader pre-onset delta effects and more diffuse post-onset persistence, whereas adults exhibited a more anteriorly confined pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DoA display a reproducible, age-invariant cortical signature, consistent with a spatially organized failure of arousal integration: posterior sensorimotor and awareness circuits partially reactivate, while anterior executive and emotion-regulatory regions remain sleep-like. These spatiotemporal fingerprints position hd-EEG source analysis as a translational tool for mechanistically informed diagnostic and therapeutic development.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T11:43:28Z","timestamp":1778240608000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Shared local brain dynamics in pediatric and adult non-rapid eye movement parasomnias"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Amacker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computational Life Sciences, Zurich University of Applied Sciences , W\u00e4denswil, 8820 ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Veneruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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