{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:46:27Z","timestamp":1791870387810,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001459","name":"Ministry of Education, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOE2019-T2-2-074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOE2019-T2-2-074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001459","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some individuals socialize late at night even if it interferes with sleep. We tested predictions that (1) students living together in a residential college would exhibit shorter sleep and poorer next-day mood when they procrastinated bedtime for social leisure activities, and (2) in-person social bedtime procrastination with co-residents would be predicted by students\u2019 scores for extraversion and need to belong.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Actigraphy watches and Bluetooth beacons were used to measure sleep patterns and physical proximity in 104 students during the same 2-week period. Daily diaries recorded student involvement in social bedtime procrastination events, next-day mood, and daytime sleepiness. Mixed models tested associations of social bedtime procrastination with sleep and wellbeing, and exponential random graph models tested associations of psychological traits with formation of ties in the social bedtime procrastination network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-person social bedtime procrastination was associated with shorter sleep by 1.4\u00a0h and worse next-day mood and daytime sleepiness compared with not delaying bedtime. Students\u2019 bedtimes were strongly correlated with their last objectively measured proximity to the person involved in delaying their bedtime. Students who scored higher on extraversion and need to belong were more likely to be part of, and had stronger ties within, the social bedtime procrastination network.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Socially motivated bedtime procrastination is a major barrier to obtaining healthy sleep in residential college students. Individuals who forgo sleep to socialize are worse off the next day. Students who accept this tradeoff may do so to satisfy their drive to socialize or need for belonging.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,19]],"date-time":"2026-07-19T11:32:20Z","timestamp":1784460740000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Socially motivated bedtime procrastination impairs sleep and wellbeing in residential college students"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Venetia J T","family":"Kok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Yabuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn","family":"Chua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas C Y","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Titus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1300-7442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annadata V","family":"Rukmini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7470-4383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bellam","family":"Sreenivasulu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Residential College 4, National University of Singapore ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4830-3583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua J","family":"Gooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2307\/2626957","article-title":"Stress, coping, and social support processes: where are we? What next?","author":"Thoits","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Health Soc Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101301125943800_ref2","first-page":"35","article-title":"Social support and resilience to stress: from neurobiology to clinical practice","volume":"4","author":"Ozbay","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101301125943800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797618761660","article-title":"Successfully striving for happiness: socially engaged pursuits predict increases in life satisfaction","volume":"29","author":"Rohrer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101301125943800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797610380696","article-title":"The pursuit of happiness: time, money, and social connection","volume":"21","author":"Mogilner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"35","key":"2026101301125943800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21209","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004535117","article-title":"Sleepiness, sleep duration, and human social activity: an investigation into bidirectionality using longitudinal time-use data","volume":"117","author":"Holding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101301125943800_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.9.1085","article-title":"American time use survey: sleep time and its relationship to waking activities","volume":"30","author":"Basner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/02673843.2016.1181557","article-title":"The young and the restless: socializing trumps sleep, fear of missing out, and technological distractions in first-year college students","volume":"22","author":"Adams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Adolesc Youth"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5552","article-title":"Cognitive performance, sleepiness, and mood in partially sleep deprived adolescents: the need for sleep study","volume":"39","author":"Lo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101301125943800_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaa129","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa129","article-title":"Cognitive effects of split and continuous sleep schedules in adolescents differ according to total sleep opportunity","volume":"43","author":"Lo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2019.02.008","article-title":"Adolescent sleep restriction effects on cognition and mood","volume":"246","author":"Short","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.00611","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination: introducing a new area of procrastination","volume":"5","author":"Kroese","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802862-9.00005-0","volume-title":"Procrastination, Health, and Well-Being","author":"Kroese","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsz267","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz267","article-title":"What do people do before going to bed? A study of bedtime procrastination using time use surveys","volume":"43","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1007\/s40615-014-0037-z","article-title":"Sleep competing activities and sleep problems in minority college students","volume":"1","author":"Billings","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Racial Ethn Health Disparities"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zpaf071","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpaf071","article-title":"Closer friends have more similar actigraphy-estimated sleep patterns","volume":"6","author":"Kok","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9775","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009775","article-title":"The spread of sleep loss influences drug use in adolescent social networks","volume":"5","author":"Mednick","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2021.100937","article-title":"The impact of social networks on sleep among a cohort of college students","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"SSM Popul Health"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.05.026","article-title":"Social network analysis of group position, popularity, and sleep behaviors among U.S. adolescents","volume":"232","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-018-0174-4","article-title":"Social network differences of chronotypes identified from mobile phone data","volume":"7","author":"Aledavood","year":"2018","journal-title":"EPJ Data Sci"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101697","article-title":"Go to bed! A systematic review and meta-analysis of bedtime procrastination correlates and sleep outcomes","volume":"66","author":"Hill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2022.09.007","article-title":"Bedtime procrastination and chronotype differentially predict adolescent sleep on school nights and non-school nights","volume":"8","author":"Pu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"chap 4","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199352487.013.15","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model","author":"Wilt","year":"2017"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0199146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0199146","article-title":"Pessimistic expectations and poorer experiences: the role of (low) extraversion in anticipated and experienced enjoyment of social interaction","volume":"13","author":"Duffy","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.81.2.343","article-title":"Understanding extraverts\u2019 enjoyment of social situations: the importance of pleasantness","volume":"81","author":"Lucas","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.6.1531","article-title":"Personality effects on social relationships","volume":"74","author":"Asendorpf","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001\/a000048","article-title":"Extraverts have larger social network layers: but do not feel emotionally closer to individuals at any layer","volume-title":"J Individ Differ","author":"Pollet","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101301125943800_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00093-9","article-title":"Extraversion, social support processes, and stress","volume":"32","author":"Swickert","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"issue":"37","key":"2026101301125943800_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9843","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702155114","article-title":"Empathy and well-being correlate with centrality in different social networks","volume":"114","author":"Morelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.11.008","article-title":"Big 5 personality traits and intraindividual variability in sleep duration, continuity, and timing","volume":"7","author":"Mead","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.117.3.497","article-title":"The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation","volume":"117","author":"Baumeister","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2013.819511","article-title":"Construct validity of the need to belong scale: mapping the nomological network","volume":"95","author":"Leary","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4824256","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/4824256","article-title":"Fear of missing out (FOMO): the effects of the need to belong, perceived centrality, and fear of social exclusion","volume":"2022","author":"Alabri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Behav Emerg Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101301125943800_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2019.75","article-title":"Relationship between fear of missing out and academic performance among Omani University students: a descriptive correlation study","volume":"34","author":"Qutishat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00332941251399088","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of correlation coefficients between fear of missing out and sleep health dimensions","author":"Brombach","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.5993\/AJHB.47.6.15","article-title":"FOMO predicts bedtime procrastination and poorer sleep quality via rumination","volume":"47","author":"Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Health Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.08.002","article-title":"The thief of (bed)time: examination of the daily associations between bedtime procrastination and multidimensional sleep health","volume":"9","author":"Carlson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2025.106556","article-title":"Failing to plan: bedtime planning, bedtime procrastination, and objective sleep in university students","volume":"132","author":"Pu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101301125943800_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf414","article-title":"Going to bed later than intended is associated with shorter sleep and poorer next-day mood and sleepiness in residential college students","volume":"49","author":"Kok","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106552","article-title":"Effects of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among Chinese university students: the mediating role of self-regulation and bedtime procrastination","volume":"111","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.06.062","article-title":"Smartphone addiction and depression, anxiety: the role of bedtime procrastination and self-control","volume":"293","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000818","article-title":"\u201cFully recharged\u201d evenings? The effect of evening cyber leisure on next-day vitality and performance through sleep quantity and quality, bedtime procrastination, and psychological detachment, and the moderating role of mindfulness","volume":"106","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.19.6.586","article-title":"Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning: preliminary data in healthy white women","volume":"19","author":"Adler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref43","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness\u2013eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int J Chronobiol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref44","first-page":"102","volume-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research","author":"John","year":"1999","edition":"2"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13","article-title":"The satisfaction with life scale","volume":"49","author":"Diener","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006824100041","article-title":"A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation","volume":"46","author":"Lyubomirsky","year":"1999","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","article-title":"UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure","volume":"66","author":"Russell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7482","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-024-02432-1","article-title":"Tracking real-time proximity in daily life: a new tool to examine social interactions","volume":"56","author":"Janssen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/15402002.2018.1491850","article-title":"The explanations people give for going to bed late: a qualitative study of the varieties of bedtime procrastination","volume":"17","author":"Nauts","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1089\/104454603322572679","article-title":"The Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale: assessment of its evaluative properties over the course of an 8-week pediatric pharmacotherapy trial","volume":"13","author":"Brooks","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.54.6.1063","article-title":"Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/0022022106297301","article-title":"Development and validation of an internationally reliable short-form of the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS)","volume":"38","author":"Thompson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cross Cult Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.1998.tb06149.x","article-title":"Sleep schedules and daytime functioning in adolescents","volume":"69","author":"Wolfson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.3.201","article-title":"Activity-based sleep-wake identification: an empirical test of methodological issues","volume":"17","author":"Sadeh","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101301125943800_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122917","article-title":"An indoor location-based control system using bluetooth beacons for IoT systems","volume":"17","author":"Huh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0100915","article-title":"The strength of friendship ties in proximity sensor data","volume":"9","author":"Sekara","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"13","key":"2026101301125943800_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v082.i13","article-title":"lmerTest package: tests in linear mixed effects models","volume":"82","author":"Kuznetsova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","article-title":"Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4","volume":"67","author":"Bates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"60","key":"2026101301125943800_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3139","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03139","article-title":"Performance: an R package for assessment, comparison and testing of statistical models","volume":"6","author":"L\u00fcdecke","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref60","volume-title":"emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means","author":"Lenth"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.gridExtra","volume-title":"gridExtra-package: Miscellaneous Functions for \u201cGrid\u201d Graphics","author":"Auguie","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","volume-title":"ordinal\u2014Regression Models for Ordinal Data","author":"Christensen","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.ordinal"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref64","volume-title":"ggpubr: \u2018ggplot2\u2019 Based Publication Ready Plots","author":"Kassambara"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref65","article-title":"igraph: Network Analysis and Visualization in R","author":"Csardi","year":"2026","journal-title":"R package version 2.3.3"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0470-3","article-title":"Moving beyond P values: data analysis with estimation graphics","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v105.i06","article-title":"ergm 4: new features for analyzing exponential-family random graph models","volume":"105","author":"Krivitsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v024.i03","article-title":"ergm: a package to fit, simulate and diagnose exponential-family models for networks","volume":"24","author":"Hunter","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref69","volume-title":"intergraph: Coercion Routines for Network Data Objects","author":"Bojanowski"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1214\/12-EJS696","article-title":"Exponential-family random graph models for valued networks","volume":"6","author":"Krivitsky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electron J Stat"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref71","volume-title":"ergm.count: Fit, Simulate and Diagnose Exponential-Family Models for Networks with Count Edges","author":"Krivitsky"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2010.00625.x","article-title":"Emerging late adolescent friendship networks and big five personality traits: a social network approach","volume":"78","author":"Selfhout","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3330","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.3330","article-title":"Postponing sleep after a stressful day: patterns of stress, bedtime procrastination, and sleep outcomes in a daily diary approach","volume":"40","author":"Schmidt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026101301125943800_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12382","article-title":"Too exhausted to go to bed: implicit theories about willpower and stress predict bedtime procrastination","volume":"111","author":"Bernecker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2022.100217","article-title":"Connecting with close friends online: a qualitative analysis of young adults\u2019 perceptions of online and offline social interactions with friends","volume":"7","author":"Scott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1080\/02699931.2022.2043244","article-title":"Emotional experiences in technology-mediated and in-person interactions: an experience-sampling study","volume":"36","author":"Petrova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026101301125943800_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.01.003","article-title":"A bad night\u2019s sleep on campus: an interview study of first-year university students with poor sleep quality","volume":"5","author":"Foulkes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1281287","article-title":"Chronotype, class times, and academic achievement of university students","volume":"34","author":"Enright","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-023-01531-x","article-title":"Early morning university classes are associated with impaired sleep and academic performance","volume":"7","author":"Yeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.79.6.1039","article-title":"Factors influencing the relation between extraversion and pleasant affect","volume":"79","author":"Lucas","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2019.106111","article-title":"Does it work and does it last? Effects of social and drinking behavior on same- and next-day mood","volume":"100","author":"Cronce","year":"2020","journal-title":"Addict Behav"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026101301125943800_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827615608788","article-title":"The connection prescription: using the power of social interactions and the deep desire for connectedness to empower health and wellness","volume":"11","author":"Martino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026101301125943800_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22386","article-title":"Sleep duration and depression among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"32","author":"Zhai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2020.101282","article-title":"Sleep in the anxiety-related disorders: a meta-analysis of subjective and objective research","volume":"51","author":"Cox","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.06.001","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention for decreasing bedtime procrastination using a wait-list control group in a non-clinical sample of young adults","volume":"108","author":"Jeoung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026101301125943800_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab190","article-title":"Perceived daily sleep need and sleep debt in adolescents: associations with daily affect over school and vacation periods","volume":"44","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2023.09.028","article-title":"Assessing \u2018readiness\u2019 by tracking fluctuations in daily sleep duration and their effects on daily mood, motivation, and sleepiness","volume":"112","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026101301125943800_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.14076","article-title":"Daily fluctuations in adolescents\u2019 sleep predict next-day attention, sleepiness, and fatigue: an ecological momentary assessment study over 28 days","volume":"66","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026101301125943800_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13540","article-title":"What time do you plan to sleep tonight? An intense longitudinal study of adolescent daily sleep self-regulation via planning and its associations with sleep opportunity","volume":"63","author":"Maskevich","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026101301125943800_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1177\/0093650216686877","article-title":"\u201cGlued to the tube\u201d: the interplay between self-control, evening television viewing, and bedtime procrastination","volume":"48","author":"Exelmans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026101301125943800_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-013-0361-4","article-title":"The relationship between social support and subjective well-being across age","volume":"117","author":"Siedlecki","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"chap 7","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195083316.003.0007","volume-title":"Social Epidemiology","author":"Berkman","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3355","DOI":"10.2147\/prbm.S472299","article-title":"A longitudinal investigation on the reciprocal relationship of problematic smartphone use with bedtime procrastination, sleep quality, and mental health among university students","volume":"17","author":"Cemei","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S462055","article-title":"Latent profiles and transitions of bedtime procrastination among Chinese college students: the predictive roles of anxiety, depression, problematic smartphone use and self-control","volume":"16","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2020.110040","article-title":"How is extraversion related to social media use? A literature review","volume":"164","author":"Bowden-Green","year":"2020","journal-title":"Personal Individ Differ"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026101301125943800_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072518","article-title":"Problematic social-networks-use in German children and adolescents\u2014the interaction of need to belong, online self-regulative competences, and age","volume":"17","author":"Ostendorf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1080\/00224545.2017.1385445","volume-title":"J Soc Psychol","author":"Iannone","year":"2018"},{"key":"2026101301125943800_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-025-10351-4","article-title":"The impact of depression on bedtime procrastination in high school students in pandemic era: the mediating roles of conscientiousness and emotional stability","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag195\/69636843\/zsag195.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/49\/10\/zsag195\/69636843\/zsag195.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/49\/10\/zsag195\/69636843\/zsag195.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T05:13:05Z","timestamp":1791868385000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag195\/8738606"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag195","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"article-number":"zsag195"}}