{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T18:36:05Z","timestamp":1792866965973,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the effectiveness of a multimodal sleep intervention on subjective sleep outcomes, including insomnia symptoms, with secondary analysis of internalizing symptoms in Infantry trainees.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A two-arm parallel design was employed (baseline: weeks 1\u20133; intervention: weeks 4\u201312). The evidence-based intervention involved psychoeducation, sleep hygiene optimization, pre-bedtime routines, and extended sleep opportunity. Surveys were completed at training start (pre-training status), end of week-3 (baseline), and week-12 (intervention). Linear mixed models assessed the effects of time and group (participants: age 22\u2009\u00b1\u20094.9\u00a0years; control [CON], n\u00a0=\u200940; experimental [EXP], n\u00a0=\u200943). The CON group followed the habitual basic training sleep schedule and environment. No women enrolled in basic training during the study period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both groups experienced chronic sleep restriction, with sleep duration reduced from ~7-h pre-training to ~5.5-h during training, driven by earlier wake times. During the intervention, EXP shifted bedtimes ~40-min earlier, achieving ~30-min more sleep than CON and reporting significantly better sleep quality. Both groups reported increased daytime sleepiness during baseline (11.6\u2009\u00b1\u20096.1) and intervention (8.6 \u00b1 5.0) relative to pre-training periods (6.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4, p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Controls reported significantly worse insomnia compared to EXP at pre-training (mean \u0394\u00a0=\u20092.8, p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01), with scores converging to subthreshold levels during baseline. EXP reported significantly less severe insomnia (4.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.7) compared to CON (9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7, p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001) during the intervention. Compared to CON, EXP reported significantly reduced stress (mean \u0394 \u20135.0, p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01) and clinically meaningful reductions in depressive symptoms (mean \u0394 \u20136.7 points, p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001) during the intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multimodal intervention improved insomnia and internalizing symptoms. As no mental health intervention was delivered; symptom improvements likely reflect sleep-mediated effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T11:46:47Z","timestamp":1790941607000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effects of a multimodal intervention for optimizing sleep and internalizing symptoms in young adults during British Army Infantry basic training"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0942-7185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J","family":"Rawcliffe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Recruit Health and Performance Research, Medical Branch, HQ Army Individual Training Command, Ministry of Defence , Upavon ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Army Health and Performance Research, Army HQ, Ministry of Defence , Andover ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Recruit Health and Performance Research, Medical Branch, HQ Army Individual Training Command, Ministry of Defence , Upavon ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enoch","family":"Ratna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Recruit Health and Performance Research, Medical Branch, HQ Army Individual Training Command, Ministry of Defence , Upavon ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Salt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Infantry Training Battalion, Catterick Garrison, Ministry of Defence , Catterick ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Infantry Training Battalion, Catterick Garrison, Ministry of Defence , Catterick ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1709-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Army Recruit Health and Performance Research, Medical Branch, HQ Army Individual Training Command, Ministry of Defence , Upavon ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2026102413470867100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0034","article-title":"Sleep duration and health in adults: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"45","author":"Chaput","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr 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