{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:42:19Z","timestamp":1792244539250,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792195200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Slow-wave sleep increases interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and seizures in focal epilepsy, but how sleep stages reshape epileptogenic tissue remains unclear. We assessed whether sleep stages selectively modulate network properties of the presumed epileptogenic zone (pEZ) relative to irritative (IZ) and non-involved (NIZ) zones.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 22 patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy undergoing pre-surgical intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG). IED-free resting-state epochs spanned four vigilance stages: wakefulness, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages 2 and 3, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Spectral power, functional connectivity, graph-theoretic indices, and the 1\/f exponent were quantified across seven frequency bands. Sleep stage and zone interactions were tested using permutation testing. pEZ electrodes were classified using elastic net logistic regression with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NREM3 selectively amplified within-pEZ gamma-band synchrony beyond surrounding zones (pEZ\u2013NIZ: d=1.204, P=0.027). pEZ local efficiency and betweenness centrality rose in beta1 and gamma bands versus wakefulness. The aperiodic exponent steepened within the IZ versus NIZ during NREM3 and NREM2 (d =1.452 and 0.87, P &amp;lt; 0.001 and P=0.015). A three-feature classifier (NREM3 aperiodic exponent, beta2 connectivity, gamma local efficiency) localised the pEZ without ictal recordings (median AUC 0.859 pEZ vs. non-pEZ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Slow-wave sleep selectively unmasks pEZ network properties via amplified power, synchrony and hub topology. NREM3-derived multimodal features may complement conventional pre-surgical biomarkers. Prospective validation in larger cohorts is needed to determine whether these markers improve surgical planning and outcome prediction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T11:48:50Z","timestamp":1792064930000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Slow-wave sleep selectively amplifies network signatures of the presumed epileptogenic zone in focal epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1199-6742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vismitha","family":"Nadig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ev-Christin","family":"Heide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Yoshida-Stiksrud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Geriatrics, Protestant Hospital G\u00f6ttingen-Weende , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marysol","family":"Segovia-Oropeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Fl\u00fch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vesna","family":"Malinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"von der Brelie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0661-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caspar M","family":"Schwiedrzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cognitive Neurobiology, Research Center \u201cOne Health\u201d Ruhr, University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University Bochum , Bochum ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Neural Circuits and Cognition Group, European Neuroscience Institute G\u00f6ttingen - A Joint Initiative of the University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen and the Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Perception and Plasticity Group, German Primate Centre, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels K N","family":"Focke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag270\/72066555\/zsag270.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag270\/72066555\/zsag270.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T13:00:22Z","timestamp":1792242022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag270\/8935282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"references-count":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsag270","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]]},"article-number":"zsag270"}}