{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:53:06Z","timestamp":1791478386726,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy using a large US health care claims database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Dissertation Database (THMCDD) was used to estimate prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy, with and without cataplexy, by age groups, gender, and region among patients under age 66 years with continuous enrollment for years 2008\u20132010. THMCDD contains health claims information for more than 18 million people. Prevalence was expressed as cases\/100 000 persons. Average annual incidence (using varying criteria for latency between the diagnostic tests, polysomnograph coupled with multiple sleep latency test [MSLT], and the diagnosis) was expressed as new cases\/100 000 persons\/year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 8 444 517 continuously enrolled patients and 6703 diagnosed with narcolepsy (prevalence overall: 79.4\/100 000; without cataplexy: 65.4\/100 000; with cataplexy: 14.0\/100 000). On the basis of the three definitions of incidence, overall average annual incidence was 7.67, 7.13, and 4.87\/100 000 persons\/year. Incidence for narcolepsy without cataplexy was generally several times higher than narcolepsy with cataplexy. Prevalence and incidence were approximately 50% greater for females compared to males across most age groups. Prevalence was highest among the 21\u201330 years age group, with incidence highest among enrollees in their early 20s and late teens. Regionally, the North Central United States had the highest prevalence and incidence, whereas the West was the lowest.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We found greater prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy (including without cataplexy) than most previous studies. The increased proportions in females, enrollees in their early 20s, and US regional differences require further study. Increased awareness and early identification is critical in the management of this burdensome condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]],"date-time":"2019-04-20T01:53:02Z","timestamp":1555725182000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Prevalence and incidence of narcolepsy in a US health care claims database, 2008\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5557-1199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darren","family":"Scheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Pharmacovigilance, Biotech Research Group Corp., Tampa, FL"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Development Group Inc., Tampa, FL"},{"name":"Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology, Spotline Inc., San Jose, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Skai W","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Parr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EviCore Healthcare, Department of Sleep Medicine, Franklin, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janice","family":"Zgibor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Sanchez-Anguiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lakshminarayan","family":"Rajaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.100","article-title":"Narcolepsy","volume":"3","author":"Kornum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)30204-6","article-title":"Insomnia, parasomnias, and narcolepsy in children: clinical features, diagnosis, and management","volume":"15","author":"Maski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2016.09.016","volume":"173","author":"Monaca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-014-0469-1","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric narcolepsy","volume":"14","author":"Nevsimalova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.09.013","article-title":"Morbidity of childhood onset narcolepsy: a controlled national study","volume":"29","author":"Jennum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.03.029","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality of middle-aged and elderly narcoleptics","volume":"36","author":"Jennum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.04.004","article-title":"Medical comorbidity in narcolepsy: findings from the Burden of Narcolepsy Disease (BOND) study","volume":"33","author":"Black","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.15m10262","article-title":"High rates of psychiatric comorbidity in narcolepsy: findings from the burden of narcolepsy disease (BOND) Study of 9,312 Patients in the United States","volume":"78","author":"Ruoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.03.002","article-title":"Narcolepsy is complicated by high medical and psychiatric comorbidities: a comparison with the general population","volume":"14","author":"Ohayon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3470","article-title":"Increased mortality in narcolepsy","volume":"37","author":"Ohayon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.02.001","article-title":"The Burden of Narcolepsy Disease (BOND) study: health-care utilization and cost findings","volume":"15","author":"Black","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2016.1208643","article-title":"The ICSD-3 and DSM-5 guidelines for diagnosing narcolepsy: clinical relevance and practicality","volume":"32","author":"Ruoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.5594","article-title":"The humanistic and economic burden of narcolepsy","volume":"12","author":"Flores","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0014","first-page":"14","article-title":"Epidemiology and pathophysiology of childhood narcolepsy","volume":"25","author":"Dye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.1.13","article-title":"The epidemiology of narcolepsy","volume":"30","author":"Longstreth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0016","article-title":"Narcolepsy","author":"Kapella","year":"2017","journal-title":"National Organization for Rare Disorders"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl079","article-title":"Correlates of sleep-onset REM periods during the Multiple Sleep Latency Test in community adults","volume":"129","author":"Mignot","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3758","article-title":"Narcolepsy and predictors of positive MSLTs in the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort","volume":"37","author":"Goldbart","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5140","article-title":"Narcolepsy in African Americans","volume":"38","author":"Kawai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/25.2.197","article-title":"The epidemiology of narcolepsy in Olmsted County, Minnesota: a population-based study","volume":"25","author":"Silber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2008.05.009","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy in King County, Washington, USA","volume":"10","author":"Longstreth","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.08.026","article-title":"A population-based epidemiologic study of adult-onset narcolepsy incidence and associated risk factors, 2004\u20132013","volume":"370","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2009.01166.x","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy with cataplexy in Norway","volume":"120","author":"Heier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410350612","article-title":"The prevalence of narcolepsy: an epidemiological study of the Finnish Twin Cohort","volume":"35","author":"Hublin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2007.00930.x","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy-cataplexy in Korean adolescents","volume":"117","author":"Shin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.12.1826","article-title":"Prevalence of narcolepsy symptomatology and diagnosis in the European general population","volume":"58","author":"Ohayon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.015","article-title":"The incidence of narcolepsy in Europe: before, during, and after the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic and vaccination campaigns","volume":"31","author":"Wijnans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a113671","article-title":"On epidemiologic surveys","volume":"118","author":"Anderson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7788.72494","article-title":"Choosing statistical test","volume":"1","author":"Parab","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Ayurveda Res."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0030","first-page":"228","article-title":"An epidemiological study on prevalence of narcolepsy in Japanese","volume":"1","author":"Tashiro","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33536","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033536","article-title":"AS03 adjuvanted AH1N1 vaccine associated with an abrupt increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy in Finland","volume":"7","author":"Nohynek","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033723","article-title":"Increased incidence and clinical picture of childhood narcolepsy following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination campaign in Finland","volume":"7","author":"Partinen","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"14","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828ab26f","article-title":"Increased childhood incidence of narcolepsy in western Sweden after H1N1 influenza vaccination","volume":"80","author":"Szak\u00e1cs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12150","article-title":"Risks of neurological and immune-related diseases, including narcolepsy, after vaccination with Pandemrix: a population- and registry-based cohort study with over 2 years of follow-up","volume":"275","author":"Persson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f794","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f794","article-title":"Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A\/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: retrospective analysis","volume":"346","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5752","article-title":"Risk of narcolepsy after AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A\/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine in adults: a case-coverage study in England","volume":"39","author":"Stowe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"15","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.053","article-title":"Narcolepsy and hypersomnia in Norwegian children and young adults following the influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic","volume":"35","author":"Trogstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"17","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.17.20789","article-title":"Investigation of an association between onset of narcolepsy and vaccination with pandemic influenza vaccine, Ireland April 2009\u2013December 2010","volume":"19","author":"O\u2019Flanagan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"issue":"10","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5060","article-title":"Incidence of narcolepsy in Germany","volume":"38","author":"Oberle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.02.026","article-title":"Retrospective multicenter matched case-control study on the risk factors for narcolepsy with special focus on vaccinations (including pandemic influenza vaccination) and infections in Germany","volume":"34","author":"Oberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4292","article-title":"Spontaneous reporting of suspected narcolepsy after vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Germany","volume":"26","author":"Oberle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf."},{"issue":"Pt 8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2486","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt187","article-title":"Increased risk of narcolepsy in children and adults after pandemic H1N1 vaccination in France","volume":"136","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2013.03.020","article-title":"Incidence of narcolepsy in Norwegian children and adolescents after vaccination against H1N1 influenza A","volume":"14","author":"Heier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108489","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108489","article-title":"Risk of narcolepsy associated with inactivated adjuvanted (AS03) A\/H1N1 (2009) pandemic influenza vaccine in Quebec","volume":"9","author":"Montplaisir","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2017.06.006","article-title":"Incidence of narcolepsy after H1N1 influenza and vaccinations: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Sarkanen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"20","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000987","article-title":"Narcolepsy and influenza A(H1N1) pandemic 2009 vaccination in the United States","volume":"83","author":"Duffy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"294","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294ra105","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aab2354","article-title":"Antibodies to influenza nucleoprotein cross-react with human hypocretin receptor 2","volume":"7","author":"Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0048","first-page":"216","article-title":"The safety of adjuvanted vaccines revisited: vaccine-induced narcolepsy","volume":"18","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.062","article-title":"Safety of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine in subjects aged 2-49years","volume":"35","author":"Baxter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20433","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020433","article-title":"Low vitamin D in narcolepsy with cataplexy","volume":"6","author":"Carlander","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22043","article-title":"Higher 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with lower relapse risk in multiple sclerosis","volume":"68","author":"Simpson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5993","article-title":"Vitamin D as an early predictor of multiple sclerosis activity and progression","volume":"71","author":"Ascherio","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1773","article-title":"Update in vitamin D","volume":"95","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq147","article-title":"Is hypovitaminosis D one of the environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis?","volume":"133","author":"Pierrot-Deseilligny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain."},{"issue":"12","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198203253061206","article-title":"Vitamin-D synthesis and metabolism after ultraviolet irradiation of normal and vitamin-D-deficient subjects","volume":"306","author":"Adams","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.05.008","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency in type 1 narcolepsy: a reappraisal","volume":"29","author":"Dauvilliers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2011.09.003","article-title":"Narcolepsy with hypocretin\/orexin deficiency, infections and autoimmunity of the brain","volume":"21","author":"Kornum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2014.10.005","article-title":"Is narcolepsy a classical autoimmune disease?","volume":"92","author":"Arango","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22587","article-title":"Narcolepsy onset is seasonal and increased following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in China","volume":"70","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23799","article-title":"Decreased incidence of childhood narcolepsy 2 years after the 2009 H1N1 winter flu pandemic","volume":"73","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1159\/000111581","article-title":"A case-control study of the environmental risk factors for narcolepsy","volume":"29","author":"Picchioni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.8.979","article-title":"Elevated anti-streptococcal antibodies in patients with recent narcolepsy onset","volume":"32","author":"Aran","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2010.05.002","article-title":"Environmental toxins and risk of narcolepsy among people with HLA DQB1*0602","volume":"110","author":"Ton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.17925\/USN.2008.04.01.57","article-title":"Definition, epidemiology, and socioeconomic burden of narcolepsy","volume":"4","author":"Jennum","year":"2008","journal-title":"US Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01055332","article-title":"Regional variations in human toxics exposure in the USA: an analysis based on the National Human Adipose Tissue Survey","volume":"21","author":"Phillips","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Environ Contam Toxicol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.01.001","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness in parkinsonism","volume":"9","author":"Arnulf","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3402\/ljm.v5i0.4626","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness among depressed patients","volume":"5","author":"Mume","year":"2010","journal-title":"Libyan J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2017.03.016","article-title":"Depression and hypersomnia: a complex association","volume":"12","author":"Lopez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0763-0","article-title":"Hypersomnolence, hypersomnia, and mood disorders","volume":"19","author":"Barateau","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2706","article-title":"Comorbidity and mortality of narcolepsy: a controlled retro- and prospective national study","volume":"36","author":"Jennum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s004060170057","article-title":"Increased prevalence of obesity in narcoleptic patients and relatives","volume":"251","author":"Dahmen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jgf2.27","article-title":"Sleep disorders in the elderly: diagnosis and management","volume":"18","author":"Suzuki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Gen Fam Med."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0073","volume-title":"Gender Differences in Health Care, Status, and Use: Spotlight on Men\u2019s Health","author":"Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation","year":"2015"},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0074","volume-title":"Traumatic Brain Injury","author":"Cifu","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.014","article-title":"Narcolepsy as an adverse event following immunization: case definition and guidelines for data collection, analysis and presentation","volume":"31","author":"Poli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.3.268","article-title":"The clinical use of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test. The standards of practice committee of the American sleep disorders association","volume":"15","author":"Thorpy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0077","first-page":"282","article-title":"The utility of a 5(th) nap in multiple sleep latency test","volume":"8","author":"Muza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0078","first-page":"620","article-title":"Value of the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) for the diagnosis of narcolepsy","volume":"20","author":"Aldrich","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.1.113","article-title":"Practice parameters for clinical use of the multiple sleep latency test and the maintenance of wakefulness test","volume":"28","author":"Littner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0080","article-title":"Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT)\u2014testing process & results","year":"2017","journal-title":"American Academy of Sleep Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02921.x","article-title":"Cumulative effects of sleep restriction on daytime sleepiness","volume":"18","author":"Carskadon","year":"1981","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/9.4.519","article-title":"Guidelines for the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT): a standard measure of sleepiness","volume":"9","author":"Carskadon","year":"1986","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27493","article-title":"The economic consequences of narcolepsy","volume":"5","author":"Jennum","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.06.006","article-title":"Health, social, and economic consequences of narcolepsy: a controlled national study evaluating the societal effect on patients and their partners","volume":"13","author":"Jennum","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019070802254669300_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.6.1123","article-title":"The socioeconomic impact of narcolepsy","volume":"27","author":"Dodel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep."}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsz091\/28678617\/zsz091.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/42\/7\/zsz091\/28914712\/zsz091.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,16]],"date-time":"2024-07-16T23:35:45Z","timestamp":1721172945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsz091\/5475508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsz091","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,20]]},"article-number":"zsz091"}}