{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T15:01:51Z","timestamp":1787497311072,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1555977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To search for a specific neuropsychological profile in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD), able to predict the onset of neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a longitudinal follow-up study of 63 consecutive iRBD patients (follow-up duration 6.7 \u00b1 3.8 years), the baseline cognitive profile of converters to neurodegenerative disease was compared with that of the nonconverters. Five cognitive domains were assessed: memory, attention-working memory, executive functions, visuospatial abilities, language. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed according to the Movement Disorder Society\u2019s diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30 subjects (47.6%) developed a neurodegenerative disease (latency to conversion 60.33 \u00b1 44.81 months). MCI was found in 50% of the converters and 12% of the nonconverters (p = .001), and its presence conferred a neurodegenerative disease risk of 10% at 3 years, 36% at 5 years, and 73% at 10 years (p = .002). Pathological equivalent scores on at least one neuropsychological test were detected in 46.7% of the converters versus 21.2% of the nonconverters in the memory domain (p = .032), in 40.0% versus 6.1% in that of executive functions (p = .002), and in 20.0% versus 3% in the visuospatial abilities domain (p = .047). On multivariate analysis, impaired executive functions significantly correlated with phenoconversion (p = .018). Lower Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (p = .004) and memory deficits (p = .031) were found in patients who developed dementia first.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive profile is useful for stratifying risk of phenoconversion in patients with iRBD. The presence of MCI and impaired executive functions, memory, and visuospatial abilities discriminated the converters. Lower MMSE scores and memory deficits may characterize those subjects who first develop dementia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]],"date-time":"2019-04-23T12:26:19Z","timestamp":1556022379000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Assessment of cognitive profile as a prodromal marker of the evolution of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9692-2218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Terzaghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianpaolo","family":"Toscano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Casoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Picascia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology\/Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6823-6069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Arnaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurology, DINOGMI, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valter","family":"Rustioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Versino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DMC University of Insubria, ASST Sette laghi Ospedale di Circolo, Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Sinforiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neuropsychology\/Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaele","family":"Manni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Sleep Medicine and Epilepsy, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019080708344535800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx197","article-title":"Prevalence and determinants of REM sleep behavior disorder in the general population","author":"Haba-Rubio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2019080708344535800_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.07.021","article-title":"Idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder in the elderly Spanish community: a primary care center study with a two-stage design using video-polysomnography","volume":"40","author":"Pujol","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019080708344535800_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.10.009","article-title":"Delayed emergence of a parkinsonian disorder or dementia in 81% of older men initially diagnosed with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder: a 16-year update on a previously reported series","volume":"14","author":"Schenck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019080708344535800_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203648.80727.5b","article-title":"Potential early markers of Parkinson disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder","volume":"66","author":"Postuma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2019080708344535800_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.10.010","article-title":"Does idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) really exist? 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