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    <jats:p>Both periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) and arousals are associated with sympathetic nervous system activation and may be arrhythmogenic. We hypothesize a temporal relationship exists between individual PLMS, particularly with arousal, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A bidirectional time-stratified case-crossover design was used to assess temporal associations between PLMS and NSVT during sleep in 49 Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Sleep Study participants with NSVT in a community-based cohort (n = 2,911). Sleep time was divided into approximate 30-min segments. For each NSVT (n = 141), we selected a preceding 30-s hazard period and three randomly chosen 30-s control periods from sleep within the same segment and evaluated for PLMS, respiratory events, minimum saturation, and arousals. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals\u2014OR (95% CI)\u2014were determined by conditional logistic regression; covariates included EEG arousals, minimum saturation, and respiratory events in the same hazard\/control period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with NSVT were 79.5 \u00b1 6.2 years with a PLMS index of 32.1 (IQR: 10.1, 61.4) and apnea\u2013hypopnea index of 17.1 (IQR: 9.4, 26.1). PLMS without arousal were not significantly associated with NSVT (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.41\u20131.59). PLMS with arousal were associated with NSVT in unadjusted analyses (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.11\u20135.65) and after adjustment (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.02\u20135.25). Arousals associated with PLMS were associated with NSVT in unadjusted (OR = 2.84, 95% CI: 1.23\u20136.56) and adjusted analyses (OR = 2.61, 95% CI: 1.13\u20136.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PLMS with (but not without) arousals are temporally associated with a greater than twofold higher odds of subsequent NSVT episodes. PLMS-related arousals may be physiologically important ventricular arrhythmia triggers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00070681.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T14:16:37Z","timestamp":1570198597000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Individual periodic limb movements with arousal are temporally associated with nonsustained ventricular tachycardia: a case-crossover analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0181-0086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M","family":"May","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Medicine Section, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, 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