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Polysomnographic recordings in eight patients in CLIS, however, revealed the presence of regular episodes of deep sleep during night time in all patients. It was also possible to distinguish an alpha-like state and a wake-like state. Classification of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is difficult because of absent eye movements and absent muscular activity. Four out of eight patients did not show any sleep spindles. Those who have spindles also show K-complexes and thus regular phases of sleep stage 2. Thus, despite some irregularities, we found a surprisingly healthy sleep pattern in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T05:20:22Z","timestamp":1567747222000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sleep in the completely locked-in state (CLIS) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Azim","family":"Malekshahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ujwal","family":"Chaudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Wyss-Center for Bio- and Neuro-Engineering, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Jaramillo-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Lucas Luna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aygul","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tonin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niels","family":"Birbaumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Wyss-Center for Bio- and Neuro-Engineering, Geneva, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Gais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of T\u00fcbingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7753","key":"2019122418274284600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90242-5","article-title":"Persistent vegetative state after brain damage. 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