{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T05:44:04Z","timestamp":1784871844523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The purpose of the study was to compare the fatigue levels, work\/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers with other sailors on US Navy ships while underway.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Analysis was based on a retrospective comparison of data from 3 fit-for-duty groups of sailors: 67 galley workers, 192 non-watchstanders, and 466 watchstanders. Participants completed questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and activity logs, and wore actigraphs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Galley workers slept MD\u2005=\u20056.57 (IQR\u2005=\u20051.42) h\/d and worked MD\u2005=\u200512.8 (IQR\u2005=\u20052.42) h\/d. Approximately 84% of the galley workers were classified as poor sleepers, ~57% reported having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and ~38% reported elevated insomnia symptoms. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had worse scores on POMS (total mood disturbance, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment), ESS, ISI, and PSQI. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had a higher risk for symptoms of EDS (75%), symptoms of clinically relevant insomnia (126%), and for being classified as poor sleepers (27%). Galley workers slept less and worked on average 2\u00a0h\/d more than non-watchstanders. Compared to watchstanders, galley workers had worse ESS, ISI, and anger-hostility scores. More watchstanders napped compared to galley workers.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although they are considered day workers, the sleep patterns, fatigue levels, and mood of galley workers are comparable to, or worse than, watchstanders or other non-watchstanders. To ameliorate the effects of long work hours on sailor well-being, ship leadership should consider adopting strategies to improve galley workers\u2019 well-being.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpae050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T16:37:45Z","timestamp":1721407065000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Recipe for fatigue: sleep, work patterns, and well-being of galley workers on surface ships of the US Navy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6134-7495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nita Lewis","family":"Shattuck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Crew Endurance Team, Naval Postgraduate School , Monterey, CA , 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