{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:44:05Z","timestamp":1790048645791,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":301,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["2P20GM113125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P20GM113125"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Award #831488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Award #831488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We tested associations between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration ([25(OH)D]) and device-estimated sleep metrics, including sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep duration regularity, sleep timing regularity, and sleep regularity index (SRI), in young and early middle-aged adults (18\u201345\u00a0years). We also assessed the mediating effect of nighttime melatonin (urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) excretion) on these associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (n\u2009=\u200979) completed 14\u00a0days of wrist actigraphy. Fasted blood sampling was performed to quantify serum [25(OH)D]. First morning void was used to quantify overnight urinary aMT6s excretion, normalized to creatinine clearance. Associations between [25(OH)D] and sleep metrics were evaluated using linear regression (model 1). Separate models adjusted for age, sex, race, and body fat % (model 2), season of testing, caffeine consumption, and education level (model 3), and device-estimated moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (model 4; n\u2009=\u200968).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum [25(OH)D] was positively associated with sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and SRI, and negatively associated with sleep duration regularity, sleep onset timing regularity, and sleep midpoint timing regularity in model 1 (all p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.03) and model 4 (all p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.02). In model 2, serum [25(OH)D] remained significantly associated with sleep duration only (p\u00a0=\u2009.036). In model 3, serum [25(OH)D] remained significantly associated with all sleep metrics (p\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.02) except sleep duration regularity and SRI. Serum [25(OH)D] was not associated with aMT6s:creatinine, indicating no grounds for performing mediation analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum [25(OH)D] is independently associated with several sleep metrics in healthy adults. However, nighttime melatonin concentration did not mediate these associations, thus other mechanistic pathways must be considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpaf077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:36:12Z","timestamp":1761744972000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration is associated with device-estimated sleep metrics in healthy young and early middle-aged adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Michele N","family":"D\u2019Agata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-7007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elissa K","family":"Hoopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Keiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freda","family":"Patterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Behavior and Nutrition Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C","family":"Brewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, College of Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Roanoke, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9003-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa A","family":"Witman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030301014657700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965376","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.965376","article-title":"Prevalence, trend, and predictor analyses of vitamin D deficiency in the US population, 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