{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T20:06:13Z","timestamp":1784664373590,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781568000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":166,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Emerging adults demonstrate vulnerability to pre-sleep arousal due to pervasive electronic device use, heightened rumination, and higher overall anxiety. To address this concern, this study sought to assess interoceptive awareness, a non-judgmental and trusting attitude toward body sensations that may reduce pre-sleep arousal, as a protective factor against insomnia symptoms during young adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods and Measures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We assessed the association between interoceptive awareness, pre-sleep arousal, and insomnia symptom severity using cross-sectional data from university students (N\u2009=\u2009420) in the mid-Atlantic United States. Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2, Pre-sleep Arousal Scale, and the Insomnia Severity Index. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear and logistic regressions and a mediation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The \u201cnot-distracting\u201d factor emerged as the strongest interoceptive predictor of insomnia symptoms in emerging adults. When adjusting for mood and demographic covariates, not-distracting significantly predicted pre-sleep arousal (b*\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12, p\u2009&amp;lt;\u2009.001). In the mediation model, pre-sleep arousal (95% CI: \u22120.25, \u22120.11) mediated the association between not-distracting and insomnia symptoms. Not engaging in distraction from pain and discomfort was associated with lower insomnia symptom severity via lower levels of cognitive and physiological arousal before sleep.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interoceptive not-distracting and pre-sleep arousal may be important factors to consider in the treatment of sleep disturbance in this age group. Findings suggest that specific training in interoceptive capacities could be a valuable addition to preventive interventions for sleep health in young adults.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Statement of Significance Insomnia symptoms, which often involve cognitive and physiological arousal in the pre-sleep period, are common among young adults and may develop to clinically significant levels over the lifespan. This study is a novel assessment of interoceptive awareness in emerging adults as it relates to indicators of insomnia. Psychoeducation and training in interoceptive awareness, and particularly not-distracting, may be a valuable component of secondary interventions that limit the progression of insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleepadvances\/zpag062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1781612790000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["No more counting sheep? Interoceptive not-distracting as a novel predictor of insomnia symptom severity in college students"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Lara R","family":"LoBrutto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie D","family":"Dautovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia A","family":"Kinser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Rybarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond, VA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9788-8813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Dzierzewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Sleep Foundation , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2026072115313933500_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2013.05.002","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia","volume":"8","author":"Morin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072115313933500_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s43076-021-00116-9","article-title":"The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress, and insomnia among general population during COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Mahmud","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Psychol"},{"key":"2026072115313933500_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111038","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2022.1111038","article-title":"Examining bedtime procrastination, study engagement, and studyholism in undergraduate students, and their association with insomnia","volume":"13","author":"Alshammari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026072115313933500_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.2509","article-title":"Prevalence, severity and risk factors for depressive symptoms and insomnia in college undergraduates","volume":"31","author":"Gress-Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stress Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072115313933500_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2012.12.001","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia in college students: relationship with mental health, quality of life, and substance use difficulties","volume":"44","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Ther"},{"key":"2026072115313933500_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14381","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14381","article-title":"Sleep-related safety behaviours predict insomnia symptoms 1 year later in a sample of university students","author":"Lancee","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026072115313933500_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(85)90004-X","article-title":"The phenomenology of the pre-sleep state: the development of the pre-sleep arousal scale","volume":"23","author":"Nicassio","year":"1985","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2026072115313933500_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.07.020","article-title":"Trait- and pre-sleep-state-dependent arousal in insomnia disorders: what role may sleep reactivity and sleep-related metacognitions play? 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