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This study aimed to determine whether mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment alters the gut microbiota and fecal metabolite pathways and to establish the relationship between the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Patients with refractory CD were enrolled and received 8 intravenous infusions of MSCs at a dose of 1.0 \u00d7 106 cells\/kg. The MSC efficacy and safety were evaluated. Fecal samples were collected, and their microbiomes were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The fecal metabolites at baseline and after 4 and 8 MSC infusions were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC--MS). A bioinformatics analysis was conducted using the sequencing data. No serious adverse effects were observed. The clinical symptoms and signs of patients with CD were substantially relieved after 8 MSC infusions, as revealed by changes in weight, the CD activity index (CDAI) score, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Endoscopic improvement was observed in 2 patients. A comparison of the gut microbiome after 8 MSC treatments with that at baseline showed that the genus Cetobacterium was significantly enriched. Linoleic acid was depleted after 8 MSC treatments. A possible link between the altered Cetobacterium abundance and linoleic acid metabolite levels was observed in patients with CD who received MSCs. This study enabled an understanding of both the gut microbiota response and bacterial metabolites to obtain more information about host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions in the short-term response to MSC treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szad036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T20:39:23Z","timestamp":1688416763000},"page":"497-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Short-Term Clinical Response and Changes in the Fecal Microbiota and Metabolite Levels in Patients with Crohn\u2019s Disease After Stem Cell Infusions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Kashi , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang Medical University , \u00dcr\u00fcmqi , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weicheng","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianxi","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuli","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruixuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary Miu","family":"Yee Waye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, Hong Kong SAR , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotherapy Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Kashi , People\u2019s Republic of China"},{"name":"Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Colorectal Surgery & Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , People\u2019s Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Kashi, The Kashi Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University , Kashi , People\u2019s Republic of 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