{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T18:16:46Z","timestamp":1791656206026,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Recently, 2 branches of the wide area of synthetic biology\u2014in vitro gametogenesis and synthetic embryo development\u2014have gained considerable attention. Rodent induced pluripotent stem cells derived via reprogramming of somatic cells can in vitro be differentiated into gametes to produce fertile offspring. And even synthetic embryos with organ progenitors were generated ex utero entirely from murine pluripotent stem cells. The use of these approaches in basic research, which is rightfully accompanied by an ethical discussion, will allow hitherto unattainable insights into the processes of the beginning of life. There is a broad international consensus that currently the application of these technologies in human-assisted reproduction must be considered to be unsafe and unethical. However, newspaper headlines also addressed the putatively resulting paradigm shift in human reproduction and thereby raised expectations in patients. Due to unsolved biological and technological obstacles, most scientists do not anticipate translation of any of these approaches into human reproductive medicine, if ever, for the next 10 years. Still, whereas the usage of synthetic embryos for reproductive purposes should be banned, in the context of in vitro-derived human gametes it is not too early to initiate the evaluation of the ethical implications, which could still remain assuming all technological hurdles can ever be cleared.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szad042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T17:01:43Z","timestamp":1689872503000},"page":"569-575","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived In Vitro Gametogenesis and Synthetic Embryos\u2014It Is Never Too Early for an Ethical Debate"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1577-5744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Horer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Genetics, Center of Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , 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