{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T06:46:43Z","timestamp":1785653203145,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001863","name":"New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001863","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008667","name":"SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008667","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Life Science Institute Inc"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The strength of stem cell therapy is the regeneration of tissues by synergistic pleiotropic effects. Among many stem cell types, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are comprised of heterogenous population are widely used for clinical applications with the expectation of pleiotropic bystander effects. Muse cells are pluripotent-like\/macrophage-like stem cells distributed in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and organ connective tissues as cells positive for the pluripotent surface marker stage-specific-embryonic antigen -3. Muse cells comprise ~1% to several percent of MSCs. While Muse cells and MSCs share several characteristics, such as mesenchymal surface marker expression and their bystander effects, Muse cells exhibit unique characteristics not observed in MSCs. These unique characteristics of Muse cells include selective homing to damaged tissue after intravenous injection rather than being trapped in the lung like MSCs, replacement of a wide range of damaged\/apoptotic cells by differentiation through phagocytosis, and long-lasting immunotolerance for donor cell use. In this review, we focus on the basic properties of Muse cells clarified through preclinical studies and clinical trials conducted by intravenous injection of donor-Muse cells without HLA-matching tests or immunosuppressant treatment. MSCs are considered to differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cells, whereas the range of their differentiation has long been debated. Muse cells may provide clues to the wide-ranging differentiation potential of MSCs that are observed with low frequency. Furthermore, the utilization of Muse cells may provide a novel strategy for clinical treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szae018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1712004526000},"page":"532-545","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Donor Muse Cell Treatment Without HLA-Matching Tests and Immunosuppressant Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shinya","family":"Minatoguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Gifu Municipal Hospital , Gifu , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital , Sapporo , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuniyasu","family":"Niizuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgical Engineering and Translational Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan"},{"name":"Research Division of Muse Cell Clinical Research, Tohoku University Hospital , Sendai , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3411-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teiji","family":"Tominaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine , Sendai , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School 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