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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were first described in the 1960s-1970s by Friedenstein et al as a small population of bone marrow cells with osteogenic potential and abilities to differentiate into chondrocytes. In 1991, Arnold Caplan coined the term \u201cmesenchymal cells\u201d after identifying these cells as a theoretical precursor to bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, marrow stroma, adipocyte, dermis, muscle, and connective tissues. MSCs are derived from periosteum, fat, and muscle. Another attractive property of MSCs is their immunoregulatory and regenerative properties, which result from crosstalk with their microenvironment and components of the innate immune system. Collectively, these properties make MSCs potentially attractive for various therapeutic purposes. MSCs offer potential in sports medicine, aiding in muscle recovery, meniscal tears, and tendon and ligament injuries. In joint disease, MSCs have the potential for chondrogenesis and reversing the effects of osteoarthritis. MSCs have also demonstrated potential application to the treatment of degenerative disc disease of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szae049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T06:22:29Z","timestamp":1725430949000},"page":"959-978","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Cell-based therapy in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Trapana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8295-3611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Weinerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danny","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Sedani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Constantinescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M","family":"Best","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Francis J","family":"Hornicek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-5032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua M","family":"Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2024101011112551200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24343","article-title":"MSC therapy for osteoarthritis: an unfinished story","volume":"37","author":"Barry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"2024101011112551200_CIT0002","article-title":"Emerging Technologies for Heart Diseases","volume-title":"Marrow-Derived Stroma Cells for Cardiac Regeneration","author":"Balkan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024101011112551200_CIT0003","first-page":"3","article-title":"Kosteobrazovanie v transplantatakh kostnomozgovykh kletok. 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