{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:28:32Z","timestamp":1791836912254,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Severe coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2, are marked by systemic inflammation, T-cell exhaustion, lymphopenia, and chronic immune dysfunction, with limited therapeutic options for recovery. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a naturally occurring feline coronavirus infection, mirrors these immune pathologies, providing a valuable translational model. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal stem\/stromal cell (MSC) therapy combined with antiviral treatment in cats with effusive FIP. Hematologic, virologic, and immunologic analyses were conducted over 12 weeks. Antiviral therapy reduced cytotoxic T-cell exhaustion by downregulating inhibitory receptors PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3. MSC-treated cats demonstrated enhanced immune recovery, evidenced by reduced expression of exhaustion-related transcription factors (IKZF2, ZEB2, PRDM1) and increased regulatory T-cell populations, promoting immune homeostasis. Single-cell RNA sequencing of mesenteric lymph nodes revealed transcriptomic shifts indicative of immune rejuvenation, including elevated memory T-cell markers (IKZF1, GZMK, IL7R) and reduced hyperproliferative lymphocyte subsets. Serum cytokine analysis revealed 3 distinct inflammatory mediator patterns using principal component analysis. Both treatment groups showed transitions toward cytokine profiles resembling those of healthy controls. Notably, residual cytokine elevations persisted at the study\u2019s end, mirroring features of chronic immune dysregulation. PDGF-bb, a marker of tissue repair, was uniquely associated with higher lymphocyte counts, suggesting its role in lymphoid recovery. This study highlights the potential of MSC therapy to modulate immune dysfunction and support durable immune recovery. The findings underscore its translational relevance for addressing severe viral diseases characterized by chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation, advancing both veterinary and human medicine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szaf025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:02:47Z","timestamp":1752537767000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mesenchymal stem\/stromal cell therapy improves immune recovery in a feline model of severe coronavirus infection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4757-0566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrawin","family":"Wanakumjorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuto","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehren","family":"McLarty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Formaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6412-8152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Farrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terza","family":"Brostoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raneesh","family":"Ramarapu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jully","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Veterinary Center for Clinical Trials, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamar","family":"Cohen-Davidyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Veterinary Center for Clinical Trials, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Cassano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Veterinary Institute for Regenerative Cures, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystle","family":"Reagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Kol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California , Davis, CA,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030481","article-title":"Clinical and molecular relationships between COVID-19 and Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)","volume":"14","author":"Sweet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.05.002","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis: update on pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment","volume":"50","author":"Kennedy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe4782","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe4782","article-title":"Severely ill patients with COVID-19 display impaired exhaustion features in SARS-CoV-2\u2013reactive CD8 + T cells","volume":"6","author":"Kusnadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0402-6","article-title":"T cell responses in patients with COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00827","article-title":"Reduction and functional exhaustion of T cells in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"11","author":"Diao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-022-01031-4","article-title":"Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)","volume":"22","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66891-4","article-title":"Severity predictors for multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vietnam","volume":"14","author":"Tran","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931039","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.931039","article-title":"T cell perturbations persist for at least 6 months following hospitalization for COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Govender","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01724-6","article-title":"Long COVID manifests with T cell dysregulation, inflammation and an uncoordinated adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2","volume":"25","author":"Yin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","article-title":"Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations","volume":"21","author":"Davis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011936","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1011936","article-title":"A review of cytokine-based pathophysiology of Long COVID symptoms","volume":"10","author":"Low","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2014.04.016","article-title":"An update on feline infectious peritonitis: diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"201","author":"Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet J"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2016.08.002","article-title":"Feline coronaviruses: pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"96","author":"Tekes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3390\/v15091847","article-title":"Feline infectious peritonitis: european advisory board on cat diseases guidelines","volume":"15","author":"Tasker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3390\/v16030462","article-title":"Serologic, virologic and pathologic features of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis enrolled in antiviral clinical trials","volume":"16","author":"Murphy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X221118761","article-title":"2022 AAFP\/EveryCat feline infectious peritonitis diagnosis guidelines","volume":"24","author":"Thayer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X15586209","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of cats with feline infectious peritonitis \u2013 a retrospective study of 231 confirmed cases (2000\u20132010)","volume":"18","author":"Riemer","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.17187","article-title":"Open label clinical trial of orally administered molnupiravir as a first-line treatment for naturally occurring effusive feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"38","author":"Reagan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Vet Intern Med"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X19825701","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the nucleoside analog GS-441524 for treatment of cats with naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis","volume":"21","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.04.026","article-title":"The nucleoside analog GS-441524 strongly inhibits feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus in tissue culture and experimental cat infection studies","volume":"219","author":"Murphy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.3390\/v14092040","article-title":"Clinical follow-up and postmortem findings in a cat that was cured of feline infectious peritonitis with an oral antiviral drug containing GS-441524","volume":"14","author":"Krentz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098612X231183250","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X231183250","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of cats in complete remission after treatment of feline infectious peritonitis with oral GS-441524","volume":"25","author":"Zwicklbauer","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Feline Med Surg"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-011110-130230","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Singer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pathol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1413-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the mesenchymal stem cell in feline eosinophilic keratitis treatment","volume":"14","author":"Villatoro","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet Res"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.27","article-title":"Understanding and targeting cancer stem cells: therapeutic implications and challenges","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05358-6","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cells therapy in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"22","author":"Lu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-021-00147-x","article-title":"Updates on clinical trials evaluating the regenerative potential of allogenic mesenchymal stem cells in COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Regen Med"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.24.02.0074","article-title":"Scoping review of the use of mesenchymal stem and stromal cell products in cats, Part 1: current logistics and safety","volume":"262","author":"Webb","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860950","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/860950","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells and viral infection","volume":"2015","author":"Thanunchai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-021-10224-9","article-title":"Multipotent stromal cells and viral interaction: current implications for therapy","volume":"18","author":"Taechangam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149033","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.149033","article-title":"Gut germinal center regeneration and enhanced antiviral immunity by mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells in SIV infection","volume":"6","author":"Weber","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.82.5.381","article-title":"Use of unbiased metagenomic and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the association between feline calicivirus and feline chronic gingivostomatitis in domestic cats","volume":"82","author":"Fried","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0033","first-page":"369","article-title":"Relevance of feline calicivirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, feline herpesvirus and Bartonella henselae in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis","volume":"123","author":"Belgard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2020.04.002","article-title":"An update on feline chronic gingivostomatitis","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01623-9","article-title":"A multicenter experience using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy for cats with chronic, non-responsive gingivostomatitis","volume":"11","author":"Arzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3802","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01368-10","article-title":"DDX60, a DEXD\/H box helicase, is a novel antiviral factor promoting RIG-I-like receptor-mediated signaling","volume":"31","author":"Miyashita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05105-1","article-title":"MYB orchestrates T cell exhaustion and response to checkpoint inhibition","volume":"609","author":"Tsui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941009","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.941009","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and long COVID: the SARS-CoV-2 viral superantigen hypothesis","volume":"13","author":"Noval Rivas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2023.01.001","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a dysregulated autoimmune disorder following COVID-19","volume":"56","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2020.0228","article-title":"Transplantation of ACE2- mesenchymal stem cells improves the outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"11","author":"Leng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00754-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932360","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.932360","article-title":"Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell therapy in severe COVID-19: preliminary results of a phase I\/II clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Gr\u00e9goire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001660","article-title":"COVID-19 Associated hypercoagulability: manifestations, mechanisms, and management","volume":"55","author":"Mazzeffi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2007575","article-title":"Coagulopathy and antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14820","article-title":"Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia","volume":"18","author":"Arachchillage","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01091","article-title":"MSC therapies for COVID-19: importance of patient coagulopathy, thromboprophylaxis, cell product quality and mode of delivery for treatment safety and efficacy","volume":"11","author":"Moll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcyt.2020.04.089","article-title":"Cell-based therapies for coronavirus disease 2019: proper clinical investigations are essential","volume":"22","author":"Khoury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cytotherapy"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01875-5","article-title":"Treatment of severe COVID-19 with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"11","author":"Shu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200180","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1200180","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of cell therapy for COVID-19: global clinical trial landscape, published safety\/efficacy outcomes, cell product manufacturing and clinical delivery","volume":"14","author":"Couto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300804","article-title":"Unraveling links between chronic inflammation and long COVID: workshop report","volume":"212","author":"Tandon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2024.156744","article-title":"Long-term cytokine profile in multisystem inflammatory disease among children","volume":"183","author":"Calcaterra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI9674","article-title":"IL-13 stimulates vascular endothelial cell growth factor and protects against hyperoxic acute lung injury","volume":"106","author":"Corne","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02679","article-title":"The pleiotropic effects of the GM-CSF rheostat on myeloid cell differentiation and function: more than a numbers game","volume":"10","author":"Zhan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240450403","article-title":"Role of platelet-derived growth factor in wound healing","volume":"45","author":"Pierce","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51707-2","article-title":"Functional characterization of the dimeric form of PDGF-derived fusion peptide fabricated based on theoretical arguments","volume":"14","author":"Sadeghi-Ardebili","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.025","article-title":"Levels of feline infectious peritonitis virus in blood, effusions, and various tissues and the role of lymphopenia in disease outcome following experimental infection","volume":"175","author":"Pedersen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-0148-4","article-title":"Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61729-5","article-title":"Defining the correlates of lymphopenia and independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in Australia","volume":"14","author":"Hastak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2021.102816","article-title":"Lymphopenia in Covid-19: a single center retrospective study of 589 cases","volume":"69","author":"Ghizlane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2022.116385","article-title":"Immune profile of children diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (MIS-C)","volume":"47","author":"Gowin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cent-Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2021-322290","article-title":"Differentiating multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a single-centre retrospective cohort study","volume":"107","author":"Roberts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13840","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93389-0","article-title":"Characterizing the differences between multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and Kawasaki disease","volume":"11","author":"Bar-Meir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-020-01612-y","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells regulate the Th17\/Treg cell balance partly through hepatocyte growth factor in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.3185","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells induce regulatory T cells via epigenetic conversion of human conventional CD4 T cells in vitro","volume":"38","author":"Azevedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2014.118","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stromal cells enhance the immunomodulatory function of CD8+CD28\u2212 regulatory T cells","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.17001","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells augment regulatory T cell function via CD80-mediated interactions and promote allograft survival","volume":"22","author":"Mittal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01991","article-title":"Immunosuppressive mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells induce human regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Roux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X636984","article-title":"Interaction between adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T-cells","volume":"22","author":"Engela","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2343","article-title":"How regulatory T cells work","volume":"8","author":"Vignali","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2025071420023960100_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-041015-055318","article-title":"CD8 T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection and cancer","volume":"37","author":"McLane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"}],"container-title":["Stem Cells Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article-pdf\/14\/7\/szaf025\/63727034\/szaf025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article-pdf\/14\/7\/szaf025\/63727034\/szaf025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T00:02:48Z","timestamp":1752537768000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/stcltm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/stcltm\/szaf025\/8196493"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/stcltm\/szaf025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2157-6564","2157-6580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2157-6564","type":"print"},{"value":"2157-6580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"article-number":"szaf025"}}