{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:16:38Z","timestamp":1791778598598,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council, Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NMRC STaR22jul-0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NMRC STaR22jul-0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Brain injury describes a variety of injuries to the tissues and blood vessels in the head. It can be external such as in road accident or physical assaults or internal such as a stroke. Regardless, they are largely incurable with a long route to recovery with symptoms-relieving medications and rehabilitation. As such, many therapies were explored including cell therapy. However, not all were evidence based and in many instances banking of patients\u2019 desperation, many treatments were done without any evidence from clinical trials. Here, we reviewed clinical trials on clinicaltrials.gov for stroke and spinal cord injury where there are cellular therapies transplanting neural, mesenchymal, and haemopoietic cells. We present and discuss 40 trials involving cell therapies for stroke and 32 for spinal cord injuries that are either completed or active. Although some trials began as long as 20\u2009years ago and have shown encouraging improvements in various scale scores for both stroke and spinal cord injury, cell transplantation for brain injuries remains an evolving field that requires further research before it can be established as a standard treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szaf082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T12:38:54Z","timestamp":1767098334000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Cell therapy for stroke and spinal cord injury in clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6269-1519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiping","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 229899,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 117597,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si Tau","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Faculty, Boston University , Boston, MA 02118,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyleen L K","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Mental Health Faculty, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerry K Y","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, 229899,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 117597,","place":["Singapore"]},{"name":"Academic Clinical Program in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 169857,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021523265726100_szaf082-B1","first-page":"CD007231","article-title":"Stem cell transplantation for ischemic stroke","volume":"5","author":"Boncoraglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"key":"2026021523265726100_szaf082-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szad041","article-title":"Neural cells for neurodegenerative diseases in clinical trials","volume":"12","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Stem Cells Transl 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2010","volume":"1","author":"Krishnamurthi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health."},{"key":"2026021523265726100_szaf082-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq133","article-title":"Human stem cell therapy in ischaemic stroke: a review","volume":"40","author":"Banerjee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Age Ageing."},{"key":"2026021523265726100_szaf082-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24653","article-title":"Emergent properties of neural repair: elemental biology to therapeutic concepts","volume":"79","author":"Carmichael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2026021523265726100_szaf082-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.26.11.2135","article-title":"Neocortical neural sprouting, synaptogenesis, and behavioral recovery after neocortical infarction in 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