{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T18:04:58Z","timestamp":1780596298246,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Health Technology R&D"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003710","name":"Korean Health Industry Development Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003710","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00436750"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00436750"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2022-KH129441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2022-KH129441"]}]},{"name":"SMC-Ottogi Research Fund","award":["SMX1210881"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMX1210881"]}]},{"name":"Korean Fund for Regenerative Medicine"},{"name":"Korean Government","award":["23C0119L1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23C0119L1"]}]},{"name":"Future Medicine 2030 Project of the Samsung Medical Center","award":["SMX1240621"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SMX1240621"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI), commonly referred to as grade 4 intraventricular hemorrhage, is a serious neurological disorder in premature infants with no established disease-modifying therapy. This study evaluated the long-term safety and outcomes of intraventricular administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in premature infants with PVHI who previously participated in a phase I trial, with follow-up through a corrected age (CA) of 5\u2009years. Nine infants were included, of whom four had a PVHI score of 2 and five had a score of 3. No significant short-term or long-term adverse events, including tumorigenicity, were observed. Infants with higher PVHI severity (score 3) showed more frequent long-term adverse outcomes, including a mental development index &amp;lt;70 on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development II at a CA of 2\u2009years, developmental impairment as assessed by the Korean Developmental Screening Test, and cerebral palsy (CP) with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) \u22653 at both CA 2 and 5\u2009years. Lower intact brain volume ratio strongly correlates with the presence of CP with GMFCS \u22653. Intraventricular MSC administration appeared safe and feasible over 5\u2009years; however, baseline PVHI severity remained the strongest predictor of long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. These findings support the need for larger, controlled trials to further evaluate the therapeutic potential of MSCs for PVHI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02673788.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/stcltm\/szag030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T12:42:53Z","timestamp":1772800973000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Five-year follow-up outcomes after phase 1 trial of mesenchymal stromal cells for periventricular hemorrhagic infarction in preterm infants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Misun","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So Yoon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se In","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun Sil","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University , Seoul 06351,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won Soon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Cha Hospital, Cha University School of Medicine , Seoul 06135,","place":["Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026060413230663100_szag030-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e48968","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.48968","article-title":"A review of the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm newborns and its future neurodevelopmental consequences","volume":"15","author":"Pande","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026060413230663100_szag030-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(78)80282-0","article-title":"Incidence and evolution of subependymal and intraventricular hemorrhage: a study of infants with birth weights less than 1,500 gm","volume":"92","author":"Papile","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2026060413230663100_szag030-B3","volume-title":"Volpe\u2019s Neurology of the 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