{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T14:49:07Z","timestamp":1782485347799,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":338,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Despite profound socioeconomic and ecological consequences, criminal justice remains an overlooked dimension of sustainability. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 calls for promoting inclusive societies and ensuring justice for all. Yet the SDG 16 framework largely ignores the biological and structural determinants of behavior related to justice involvement. This perspective article argues that microbial ecology plays a foundational role in cognition and behavior\u2014factors central to justice outcomes. Advances in neuromicrobiology and omics technologies show how microbial disruptions linked to poverty and environmental factors may increase behavioral risks and reinforce inequality. We introduce the legalome concept\u2014the systemic application of microbiome sciences and related omics technologies to forensic and legal psychology. From auto-brewery syndrome to microbial signatures tied to aggression, impulsivity, and neuropsychiatric conditions, evidence is mounting that microbiota\u2013brain interactions have forensic relevance. Yet justice systems often remain rooted in prescientific notions of free will and blame. Carceral institutions often exacerbate dysbiosis through poor nutrition, social isolation, circadian disruptions, acoustic stress, and overall deprivation\u2014further entrenching risk and undermining rehabilitation. We argue that SDG 16 should expand to reflect this evolving science. Integrating microbial ecology into justice reform offers a framework for prevention and healing\u2014bridging sustainability, equity, and dignity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sumbio\/qvaf027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:12:12Z","timestamp":1764853932000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Legalomics: why microbiology matters to the promotion of just societies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-8590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L","family":"Prescott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Western Australia , Perth, WA 6009 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Maryland , Baltimore, MD 21201 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for Justice and Mental Well-Being, Nova Institute for Health , Baltimore, MD 21231 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8599-810X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan C","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Justice and Mental Well-Being, Nova Institute for Health , Baltimore, MD 21231 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jake M","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University , Bedford Park, SA 5042 ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Aerobiome Innovation and Research Hub, Flinders University , Bedford Park, SA 5042 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-018-4318-9","article-title":"Balancing the rights to protection and participation: a call for expanded access to ethically conducted correctional health research","volume":"33","author":"Ahalt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1080\/24750573.2018.1449184","article-title":"The relation between serum Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in children and ADHD and its severity","volume":"29","author":"Akaltun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4257-0","article-title":"Inside the nation\u2019s largest mental health institution: a prevalence study in a state prison system","volume":"17","author":"Al-Rousan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1086\/715713","article-title":"The aggregate cost of crime in the United States","volume":"64","author":"Anderson","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Journal of Law and Economics"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib5","article-title":"UN, 2023","author":"Anonymous","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib6","article-title":"\u2018International Institute for Substantiable Development Knowledge Hub","author":"Anonymous","year":"2025"},{"key":"2025121302415653000_bib7","article-title":"UNSD, 2025 Goal No. 16. 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