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Nitrification inhibitors such as 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) offer a promising strategy to mitigate these emissions, though their effectiveness is highly context-dependent. We conducted a laboratory microcosm experiment using four Cypriot soils spanning acidic to near-neutral pH to compare N\u2082O emissions, inorganic N dynamics, and N-cycling microbial communities under three treatments: (i) untreated soil (control), (ii) soil with commercial N-P-K fertilizer, and (iii) soil with a commercial N\u2013P\u2013K fertilizer containing DMPP. The inclusion of DMPP in fertilizer reduced cumulative N\u2082O emissions by 81%\u201396% in near-neutral soils, primarily through suppression of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, with minimal effects on ammonia-oxidizing archaea. In acidic soil, however, DMPP failed to significantly alter emissions or microbial gene abundances. Multivariate analyses and machine learning models identified soil pH, NH4\u207a availability, and ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene abundance as key predictors of DMPP efficacy and N\u2082O fluxes. These findings underscore the critical role of soil properties particularly pH in determining inhibitor performance and highlight the need for site-specific N management strategies to optimize fertilizer use and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sumbio\/qvaf032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T13:11:30Z","timestamp":1764853890000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["pH-dependent microbial responses drive nitrous oxide mitigation by the nitrification inhibitor DMPP"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Kyriakidou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Institute Department of Agrobiotechnology, , 1516, Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Phokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Institute Department of Agrobiotechnology, , 1516, Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7618-341X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Panagiotou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Institute Department of Agrobiotechnology, , 1516, Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panayiota","family":"Pissaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Institute Department of Agrobiotechnology, , 1516, Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5526-0606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michalis","family":"Omirou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Institute Department of Agrobiotechnology, , 1516, Nicosia 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