{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T16:06:50Z","timestamp":1779466010622,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The confirmation of two Nipah virus (NiV) infections among healthcare workers in West Bengal, India, in December 2025 highlights the ongoing regional threat of this highly contagious zoonotic pathogen and the risk of nosocomial transmission before clinical suspicion. Increasing reports of human-to-human transmission in South Asia call for stronger preparedness efforts in neighboring countries. Nepal is particularly vulnerable due to its open border with India, high population mobility, ecological suitability for Petropus bat reservoirs, mixed livestock farming, limited surveillance, and diagnostic capacity. The absence of reported cases likely reflects underdetection rather than the absence of risk. Current gaps include weak infection prevention and control, limited laboratory readiness, minimal wildlife and livestock surveillance, and inadequate cross-border coordination. We propose priority actions based on the One Health approach, including bat roost mapping, cross-border information sharing, targeted community risk communication, strengthening tertiary hospitals and laboratory capacity, enhanced veterinary surveillance, and the development of a national outbreak preparedness and response plan for future potential NiV or other emerging pathogen outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sumbio\/qvag015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:47:09Z","timestamp":1777031229000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nepal\u2019s vulnerability to Nipah virus transmission: an urgent call for preparedness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Bhupendra","family":"Lama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Amrit Campus Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, , 44600, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"National Institute of Bio Sciences and Research Centre , 44600, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6626-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uday Narayan","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University (ANU) , Acton ACT 2601, Canberra ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"International Centre for Future Health Systems, UNSW , 2033 NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Centre for Research, Policy and Implementation , 56613, Biratnagar ,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gopiram","family":"Syangtan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amrit Campus Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, , 44600, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"National Institute of Bio Sciences and Research Centre , 44600, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS) Department of Infection and Immunology, , 44700, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaka","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Susan Wakil School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , 2050 NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binod","family":"GC","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS) Department of Infection and Immunology, , 44700, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Los Angeles, CA 90048 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukesh","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor University Department of Environmental Science, , Waco, TX 76706 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn D","family":"Kirk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University (ANU) , Acton ACT 2601, Canberra ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binod","family":"Rayamajhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kathmandu Research Institute for Biological Sciences (KRIBS) Department of Infection and Immunology, , 44700, Kathmandu ,","place":["Nepal"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University , 2109 NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW , 2033 NSW 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