{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T09:21:03Z","timestamp":1791883263394,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694908800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common urologic condition that can cause significant disability in affected individuals. Physiologic explanations of chronic pain are often incomplete; appropriate management of CPPS includes recognition of biological, psychological, and social elements, known as the biopsychosocial model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this narrative review is to investigate treatments for men with CPPS, with a special focus on those utilizing the biopsychosocial model of care.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A comprehensive literature search was conducted on the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, using relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to CPPS treatments. The search was limited to studies published in English from inception to January 2023. Additionally, reference lists of selected studies were manually reviewed to find studies not identified by the initial search. Studies were included if they investigated pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic treatments for men with CPPS.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Antibiotics, \u03b1-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentinoids, antidepressants, and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors were among the pharmacologic agents included in trials attempting to reduce symptoms of male CPPS. Studies that focused on treating CPPS without medication included interventions such as shockwave therapy, acupuncture, physical therapy, botulinum toxin, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, exercise, and cognitive behavioral therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\u03b1-Blockers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have shown promising results in treating CPPS in men, while the effectiveness of antibiotics remains controversial. Antidepressants and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors may also be useful in decreasing symptoms in patients with CPPS. Treatments such as pelvic floor muscle therapy, acupuncture, shockwave therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy must be considered effective complements to medical management in men with CPPS. While these interventions demonstrate benefits as monotherapies, the individualization and combination of treatment modalities are likely to result in reduced pain and improved quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qead038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:34:52Z","timestamp":1694997292000},"page":"59-66","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biopsychosocial approach to male chronic pelvic pain syndrome: recent treatments and trials"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Max D","family":"Sandler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braian","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan","family":"Ben-Ezra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, IL , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soum D","family":"Lokeshwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A","family":"Paz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjith","family":"Ramasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A","family":"Masterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Desai Sethi Urology Institute, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami, FL 33136 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2024010313393840800_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2003.11.002","article-title":"Etiology and management of chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men","volume":"63","author":"Schaeffer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2024010313393840800_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2002.00481.x","article-title":"Chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain in men: aetiology, diagnosis and management","volume":"16","author":"Luzzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2024010313393840800_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00898","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms underlying chronic pelvic pain and prostate inflammation in chronic pelvic pain syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Breser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2024010313393840800_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2001.01223.x","article-title":"Quality of life is impaired in men with chronic prostatitis","volume":"16","author":"McNaughton Collins","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024010313393840800_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155798832090320","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988320903200","article-title":"Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a disease or symptom? 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