{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:28:54Z","timestamp":1780590534194,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recreational psychostimulants have been associated with increased sexual activity or changes in sexual function in women, but every drug in this class has not shown consistent sexual effects in scientific studies. Further, some studies in female animal models may recapitulate the effects observed in humans, while others produce conflicting results. Overall, though, published studies on the sexual effects of recreational stimulants in women are lacking.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this manuscript was to review the published sexual effects of prominent recreational psychostimulants in women and in the female rat model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Literature searches for \u201cany years\u201d were performed through PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords for the searches included \u201camphetamine,\u201d \u201cmethamphetamine,\u201d \u201cMDMA,\u201d \u201cecstasy,\u201d \u201c3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,\u201d \u201ccocaine,\u201d \u201ccaffeine,\u201d \u201csex,\u201d \u201csexual,\u201d \u201cfemale,\u201d and \u201cwomen.\u201d Studies in humans and using animal models were included.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Older studies have shown that amphetamine produces a positive sexual effect in women, but often the sample size was too small to draw generalizable conclusions. Methamphetamine also has a positive effect on several sexual domains in women, as well as on vaginal lubrication. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine may have a negative or positive effect on sexual activity, but often enhances the sensual aspects of sex. Though low doses of cocaine may heighten the sexual experience, most women who use cocaine experience negative sexual effects. Caffeine has been shown to enhance a physiological measure of arousal, vaginal blood flow, but based on our searches, no studies have investigated the subjective sexual effects of the drug.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Different recreational psychostimulants produce varying effects on sexual behavior and responses in women and female animal models, but more research is needed to understand these effects better.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeae010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,7]],"date-time":"2024-02-07T21:57:58Z","timestamp":1707343078000},"page":"256-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sexual effects of commonly used recreational psychostimulants in women and the female rat model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Maggie N","family":"Mott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Neuroscience, , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"},{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport , Toxicology and Neuroscience, , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas E","family":"Goeders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology , Toxicology and Neuroscience, , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"},{"name":"Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport , Toxicology and Neuroscience, , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"},{"name":"Louisiana Addiction Research Center , Shreveport, LA, 71103 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2024070101014300900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01960.x","article-title":"Experimental models for the study of female and male sexual function","volume":"7","author":"Giuliano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024070101014300900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2009.11.009","article-title":"Mixing pleasures: review of the effects of drugs on sex behavior in humans and animal models","volume":"58","author":"Frohmader","year":"2010","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"2024070101014300900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.10.029","article-title":"Assessment of sexual behavior in rats: the potentials and pitfalls","volume":"352","author":"Heijkoop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2024070101014300900_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2013.11.006","article-title":"\u201cSexy stimulants\u201d: the interaction between psychomotor stimulants and sexual behavior in the female brain","volume":"121","author":"Guarraci","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"2024070101014300900_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(99)00087-X","article-title":"What do female rats like about sex? 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