{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T21:48:14Z","timestamp":1777067294091,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]],"date-time":"2024-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C1003830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C1003830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1A2C2008207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1A2C2008207"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common issue that affects older men and is often associated with various health conditions. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors are commonly used to treat ED; however, their effectiveness may be limited, or the medication may be contraindicated. Therefore, topical gels are being developed as an alternative option for the pharmacologic treatment of ED.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This review aimed to provide an overview of the efficacy and safety of topical agents for the treatment of ED.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched. Articles were included that investigated ED and topical agents operating through the skin of the penis, evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment, and involved patients randomized into groups.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Topical alprostadil, glyceryl trinitrate (MED2005), and an over\u00adthe\u00adcounter formulation (MED3000) were used as alternative treatments for ED in 7 articles, which included 3475 patients. Topical alprostadil induced an erection in 67% to 75% of patients. Adequate erections for vaginal penetration were reported in 38.7% of the alprostadil-treated patients vs 6.9% of the placebo-treated patients. Topical alprostadil significantly and dose dependently improved the total score change on the International Index of Erectile Function as compared with the placebo. MED2005 exhibited a rapid onset of action, with nearly 70% effectiveness within 10\u00a0minutes. MED3000 met the minimal clinically important difference threshold of a 4-point increase on the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function, with an improvement of 5.73 points in 24\u00a0weeks. Topical therapy for ED also had acceptable safety profiles.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Topical agents via various mechanisms are effective and well-tolerated treatments for ED. A fast-acting drug that significantly reduces side effects as compared with other options has been discovered. However, its efficacy relative to current first-line therapies remains unclear. Topical agents present a viable therapeutic alternative for individuals who are unable or unwilling to take oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeae056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T20:01:09Z","timestamp":1723406469000},"page":"731-738","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Scoping review exploring advancements in topical agent therapies for erectile dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yun-Jung","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Science, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St Mary\u2019s Hospital , Incheon, 22711,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun-Jung","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Human Tissue Restoration, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul, 03722,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-0966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine , Seoul, 06973,","place":["Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2024100104304315700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/1557988311431629","article-title":"The implications of increasing age on erectile dysfunction","volume":"6","author":"Wagle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Mens Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2024100104304315700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.220124","article-title":"Effects of sexual rehabilitation on sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J Mens Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100104304315700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.06.007","article-title":"European Association of Urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health\u20142021 update: male sexual dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Salonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2024100104304315700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03233-9","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: a network meta-analysis and multicriteria decision analysis","volume":"39","author":"Madeira","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Urol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2024100104304315700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287216644116","article-title":"Alprostadil cream in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: clinical evidence and experience","volume":"8","author":"Cuzin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol."},{"key":"2024100104304315700_ref6","volume-title":"US Securities and Exchange Commission. 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