{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T14:58:07Z","timestamp":1793717887184,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) encompasses a cluster of sexual symptoms like dyspareunia associated with genital and urinary symptoms like urinary urgency, which may be variably reported in the clinical setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To provide a comprehensive guide for healthcare professionals (HCPs) in sexual medicine, helping them effectively recognize and manage GSM, a very common chronic and progressive condition with an impact on quality of life and intimate relationships.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>An expert committee, invited from seven countries by the 5th International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM), was comprised of eight researchers and clinicians with expertise in menopause medicine, for the purpose of reviewing and grading the scientific evidence on nosology, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of GSM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Presence of at least one GSM symptom ranges from 14% to 87% in postmenopausal women, with vaginal dryness and dyspareunia being the two most common symptoms. A summary of the recommendations on GSM management deriving from the evaluation of data, subject to its quality published in the scientific literature, is provided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GSM is a relatively new disorder with an expanded definition to further the older long-recognized condition of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) in postmenopausal women to include urinary symptoms and anchor the disorder to menopause and the hypoestrogenic state. This new disorder has provided renewed incentives to formalize a significant amount of multidisciplinary research in the last decade. However, many areas ranging from epidemiology to tailored effective and safe treatment options in clinical practice still require in-depth additional investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeaf055","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T11:39:28Z","timestamp":1756294768000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM): recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"James A","family":"Simon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University, IntimMedicine Specialists , Washington, DC 20036 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossella E","family":"Nappi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia , 27100 Pavia ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S. Matteo Foundation , 27100 Pavia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Chedraui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Postgrado en Salud, Universidad Esp\u00edritu Santo , Samborond\u00f3n, Guayas ,","place":["Ecuador"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Division of Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvis Surgery, Portland, OR ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Oregon Health & Science University, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research , Portland, OR, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology-Endocrinology, Paris-Cit\u00e9 University, Port Royal Cochin Hospital , 75014, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaikh Zinnat Ara","family":"Nasreen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ZH Shikder Women's Medical College & Hospital , 1209, Dhaka ,","place":["Bangladesh"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2229-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Palacios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Palacios Institute of Women\u2019s Health , Antonio Acuna 9, 28009, Madrid ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Wolfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Menopause and POI Centre, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto , Toronto ON M5G 1Z5 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2026020606580013200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2865","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12686","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: new terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy from the International Society for the Study of Women's sexual health and the North American Menopause Society","volume":"11","author":"Portman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026020606580013200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001138","article-title":"The role of androgens in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM): International Society for the Study of Women's sexual health (ISSWSH) expert consensus panel 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