{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T18:31:43Z","timestamp":1791484303789,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":137,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male genital emergencies involving the penis are uncommon and necessitate immediate medical attention as well as surgery. The term \u201cpriapism\u201d refers to a persistent erection caused by malfunctioning mechanisms that control rigidity, flaccidity, and penile tumescence. Identification of the underlying hemodynamics is necessary for a prompt and accurate diagnosis of priapism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To discuss the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and classification of priapism, as well as to give healthcare professionals up-to-date clinical evidence on the management of the priapism.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The members of the Fifth International Consultation for Sexual Medicine (ICSM) Committee 22 have conducted a review of the peer-reviewed scientific literature to present an objective, comprehensive analysis regarding the diagnosis and management of priapism. This report reviews the literature from 2010 to 2025 on priapism and concentrates on guidelines that have been written in the last ten years. Every relevant article was examined critically and discussed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This manuscript provides evidence-based diagnostic and treatment recommendations for ischemic, non-ischemic, recurrent ischemic priapism, and priapism in patients with sickle cell disease. The role of imaging, laboratory testing, early urologists\u2019 involvement when a patient presents to the emergency room, the discussion of conservative therapies, improved data for patient counseling regarding the risks of erectile dysfunction and surgical complications, specific recommendations regarding intra-cavernosal phenylephrine with or without irrigation, the inclusion of novel surgical techniques, and early penile prosthesis placement are all covered in this recommendation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Every patient with priapism should have an emergency evaluation to determine whether they have acute ischemic or non-ischemic priapism, and those who have experienced an acute ischemic event should receive early intervention when necessary. Treatment for NIP must be based on the goals of the patient, the resources at hand, and the experience of the clinician; it is not an emergency.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeaf072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T12:59:11Z","timestamp":1765630751000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Priapism: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ates","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5109-5319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Kadihasanoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cerrahpa\u015fa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa , Istanbul ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Muneer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Male Genital Cancer Centre, Department of Andrology, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7436-3184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson E","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Dursun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Andrology, Department of Urology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul ,","place":["T\u00fcrkiye"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrance","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Florida , Weston, FL ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Akakpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019Urologie, Groupe Hospitalier Priv\u00e9 Ambroise Par\u00e9, Neuilly sur Seine ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan P","family":"Terlecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center , Winston-Salem, NC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6560-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arthur L","family":"Burnett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.07.034","article-title":"The efficacy of the T-shunt procedure and intracavernous tunneling (snake maneuver) for refractory ischemic priapism","volume":"191","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00770.x","article-title":"Sickle cell disease status and outcomes of African\u2013American men presenting with priapism","volume":"5","author":"Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(88)90252-X","article-title":"Priapus and priapism","volume":"32","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"1988","journal-title":"From Mythology to Medicine Urology"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2018.04.029","article-title":"Priapism throughout the ages","volume":"118","author":"Vreugdenhil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2009.01625.x","article-title":"Priapism: pathogenesis, epidemiology, and management","volume":"7","author":"Broderick","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020606514003100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1980.00330220022011","article-title":"Priapism and impotence in homozygous sickle cell disease","volume":"140","author":"Emond","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)65655-6","article-title":"A new concept in the management of priapism","volume":"83","author":"Burt","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.03.118","article-title":"Incidence of priapism in emergency departments in the United States","volume":"190","author":"Roghmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599509180545","article-title":"Priapism, its incidence and seasonal distribution in Finland","volume":"29","author":"Kulmala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)00941-4","article-title":"Incidence of priapism in the general population","volume":"57","author":"Eland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026020606514003100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12251","article-title":"Nationwide emergency department visits for priapism in the United States","volume":"10","author":"Stein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026020606514003100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.07.009","article-title":"Risk factors for priapism readmission","volume":"13","author":"Sui","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020606514003100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.21037\/tau-22-180","article-title":"The 10-year priapism experience: identifying clearer targets for intervention","volume":"11","author":"Howland","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-021-00518-4","article-title":"A population-based analysis of predictors of penile surgical intervention among inpatients with acute priapism","volume":"35","author":"Ha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref15","first-page":"e2021193","article-title":"Priapism in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): a systematic review","volume":"92","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/2051415819893206","article-title":"Malignant priapism: review of the report in three decades","volume":"13","author":"Hosny","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-019-0141-z","article-title":"Which patients with ischaemic priapism require further investigation for malignancy?","volume":"32","author":"James Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.03.063","article-title":"Socioeconomic disparities and risk factors in patients presenting with ischemic priapism: a multi-institutional study","volume":"163","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.01.050","article-title":"Sickle cell disease in priapism: disparity in care?","volume":"86","author":"Joice","year":"2015","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026020606514003100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.05.019","article-title":"Are we overstating the risk of priapism with oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors?","volume":"17","author":"Rezaee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2021.05.001","article-title":"Review of priapism litigation in the United States","volume":"156","author":"Matz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00562-8","article-title":"Medication-associated priapism events: validation of findings from the FDA pharmacovigilance database using insurance claim database","volume":"36","author":"Able","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00583-3","article-title":"Medications mostly associated with priapism events: assessment of the 2015\u20132020 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pharmacovigilance database entries","volume":"36","author":"Schifano","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000471562","article-title":"How safe is the treatment of impotence with intracavernous autoinjection?","volume":"16","author":"Zentgraf","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901018","article-title":"The incidence and management of priapism in Western Australia: a 16 year audit","volume":"15","author":"Earle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026020606514003100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1177\/1060028014541791","article-title":"Priapism associated with the use of stimulant medications and atomoxetine for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children","volume":"48","author":"Eiland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026020606514003100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-023-03628-8","article-title":"Evaluation of knowledge of priapism in sickle cell patients in Senegal","volume":"55","author":"Gaye","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2022000380","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of priapism in sickle cell disease","volume":"2022","author":"Idris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1182\/hematology.2021000275","article-title":"Treatment dilemmas: strategies for priapism, chronic leg ulcer disease, and pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease","volume":"2021","author":"Azbell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program"},{"issue":"14","key":"2026020606514003100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020002062","article-title":"Men with sickle cell disease experience greater sexual dysfunction when compared with men without sickle cell disease","volume":"4","author":"Idris","year":"2020","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026020606514003100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.09.012","article-title":"Clinical and genetic predictors of priapism in sickle cell disease: results from the recipient epidemiology and donor evaluation study III Brazil cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Cintho Ozahata","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"2026020606514003100_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5676","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022007285","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of priapism events in sickle cell anemia: a diary-based analysis","volume":"6","author":"Idris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0153257","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153257","article-title":"Emergency department visits and inpatient admissions associated with priapism among males with sickle cell disease in the United States, 2006\u20132010","volume":"11","author":"Dupervil","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2015.11.023","article-title":"Trends in sickle cell disease-related priapism in U.S. Children\u2019s hospitals","volume":"89","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002962","article-title":"The risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in men with a history of priapism","volume":"209","author":"Mulloy","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12816","article-title":"Erectile dysfunction after sickle cell disease-associated recurrent ischemic priapism: profile and risk factors","volume":"12","author":"Anele","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ucl.2011.02.005","article-title":"Priapism: new concepts in medical and surgical management","volume":"38","author":"Burnett","year":"2011","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450115666141111111842","article-title":"Molecular pathophysiology of priapism: emerging targets","volume":"16","author":"Anele","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2020.1745188","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying priapism in sickle cell disease: targeting and key innovations on the preclinical landscape","volume":"24","author":"Musicki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2011.02317.x","article-title":"Priapism and sickle-cell anemia: diagnosis and nonsurgical therapy","volume":"9","author":"Broderick","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.11.002","article-title":"Malignancy: a rare, important and poorly understood cause of priapism","volume":"9","author":"Ralph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2019.03.004","article-title":"An update on non-ischemic priapism","volume":"8","author":"Ingram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13999","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13999","article-title":"Ischemic priapism as a model of exhausted metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Vreugdenhil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2021.03.009","article-title":"Penile doppler ultrasound study in priapism: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Wakrim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2017.02.021","article-title":"Mean velocity and peak systolic velocity can help determine ischaemic and non-ischaemic priapism","volume":"72","author":"von Stempel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W512","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.13.11676","article-title":"Imaging of traumatic injuries to the scrotum and penis","volume":"202","author":"Nicola","year":"2014","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)66444-9","article-title":"Evolving concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of arterial high flow priapism","volume":"155","author":"Hakim","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020606514003100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09368.x","article-title":"The use of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging in the management of patients presenting with priapism","volume":"106","author":"Ralph","year":"2010","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000002767","article-title":"The diagnosis and management of recurrent ischemic priapism, priapism in sickle cell patients, and non-ischemic priapism: an AUA\/SMSNA guideline","volume":"208","author":"Bivalacqua","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.20235.x","article-title":"Intracavernosal irrigation by cold saline as a simple method of treating iatrogenic prolonged erection","volume":"2","author":"Ateyah","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref51","first-page":"227","article-title":"Cold saline enema in priapism\u2014a useful tool for underprivileged","volume":"34","author":"Bansal","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Dr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5414\/CN109416","article-title":"Priapism and hemodialysis: case report and literature review","volume":"90","author":"Shih","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.01.055","article-title":"Recurrent priapism gone wrong: ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock after penile corporal phenylephrine irrigation","volume":"52","author":"Constantine","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45549-2","article-title":"The ultrastructure of the erectile tissue in priapism","volume":"135","author":"Spycher","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-4096.2001.01510.x","article-title":"Low-flow priapism: risk factors for erectile dysfunction","volume":"89","author":"El-Bahnasawy","year":"2002","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref56","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pharmacologic erection: time-dependent changes in the corporal environment","volume":"6","author":"Broderick","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)41335-8","article-title":"Treatment of persistent penile erection and priapism using terbutaline","volume":"141","author":"Shantha","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.1997.00285.x","article-title":"Treatment of intermittent idiopathic priapism with oral terbutaline","volume":"80","author":"Ahmed","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35111-X","article-title":"Oral terbutaline for the treatment of priapism","volume":"151","author":"Govier","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.06.007","article-title":"European Association of Urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health\u20142021 update: male sexual dysfunction","volume":"80","author":"Salonia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00592-2","article-title":"Conservative and medical treatments of non-sickle cell disease-related ischemic priapism: a systematic review by the EAU sexual and reproductive health panel","volume":"36","author":"Capogrosso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S86","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901078","article-title":"The treatment of priapism-when and how?","volume":"15","author":"Bochinski","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2026020606514003100_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.00862.x","article-title":"Investigating the effects of high-dose phenylephrine in the management of prolonged ischaemic priapism","volume":"5","author":"Muneer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2015.10.029","article-title":"Effect of phenylephrine and terbutaline on ischemic priapism: a retrospective review","volume":"34","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2017.3.203","article-title":"Etiological factors and management in priapism patients and attitude of emergency physicians","volume":"89","author":"Sonmez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020606514003100_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2016.09.010","article-title":"Use of high-dose phenylephrine in the treatment of ischemic priapism: five-year experience at a single institution","volume":"13","author":"Ridyard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2005.00140.x","article-title":"Management of ischemic priapism with high-dose intracavernosal phenylephrine: from bench to bedside","volume":"3","author":"Wen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026020606514003100_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.05.012","article-title":"The hemodynamic effects of intracavernosal phenylephrine for the treatment of ischemic priapism","volume":"15","author":"Sidhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref69","volume-title":"Stuttering Priapism","author":"Abdeen","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9-10","key":"2026020606514003100_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287217717913","article-title":"Contemporary best practice in the evaluation and management of stuttering priapism","volume":"9","author":"Kousournas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.01.18","article-title":"Advances in the understanding of priapism","volume":"6","author":"Hudnall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.198","article-title":"Molecular analysis of erection regulatory factors in sickle cell disease associated priapism in the human penis","volume":"189","author":"Lagoda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2011.114","article-title":"Medical management of ischemic stuttering priapism: a contemporary review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"Levey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s11934-012-0258-9","article-title":"Stuttering priapism: insights into pathogenesis and management","volume":"13","author":"Morrison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Urol Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.23736\/S0393-2249.19.03323-X","article-title":"The management of stuttering priapism","volume":"72","author":"Liguori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Minerva Urol Nefrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.2016.34.1.1","article-title":"Clinical management of priapism: a review","volume":"34","author":"Shigehara","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J Mens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/smrj.37","article-title":"Management of recurrent ischemic priapism 2014: a complex condition with devastating consequences","volume":"3","author":"Hoeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287214542096","article-title":"Management of priapism: an update for clinicians","volume":"6","author":"Levey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2019.07.15","article-title":"Dutasteride in the long-term management of stuttering priapism","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15370","article-title":"Medical treatment of recurrent ischaemic priapism: a review of current molecular therapeutics and a new clinical management paradigm","volume":"127","author":"Joice","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-022-00590-4","article-title":"What is the effectiveness of surgical and non-surgical therapies in the treatment of ischemic priapism in patients with sickle cell disease? A systematic review by the EAU sexual and reproductive health guidelines panel","volume":"36","author":"Gul","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.21394","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of blood exchange transfusion for priapism complicating sickle cell disease","volume":"31","author":"Ballas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Apher"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1017\/S1481803500013609","article-title":"Myth: blood transfusion is effective for sickle cell anemia-associated priapism","volume":"8","author":"Merritt","year":"2006","journal-title":"CJEM."},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35817-2","article-title":"Association of sickle cell disease, priapism, exchange transfusion and neurological events: ASPEN syndrome","volume":"150","author":"Siegel","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.23341","article-title":"Patients with sickle cell disease have increased sensitivity to cold and heat","volume":"88","author":"Brandow","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10040767","article-title":"Automated red cell exchange in the management of sickle cell disease","volume":"10","author":"Tsitsikas","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.3109\/21681805.2015.1059359","article-title":"Early insertion of a malleable penile prosthesis in ischaemic priapism allows later upsizing of the cylinders","volume":"49","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2015.3.258","article-title":"Distal corpus cavernosum fibrosis and erectile dysfunction secondary to non-ischaemic priapism","volume":"87","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35664-1","article-title":"High flow priapism: a spectrum of disease","volume":"150","author":"Brock","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijir.3901251","article-title":"High-flow priapism (HFP) secondary to Nesbit operation: management by percutaneous embolization and colour doppler-guided compression","volume":"17","author":"Liguori","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-012-1018-3","article-title":"Post-traumatic penile pseudoaneurysm causing high-flow priapism","volume":"19","author":"Mazza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref92","first-page":"109","article-title":"Commentary on high flow, non-ischemic, priapism","volume":"1","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2026020606514003100_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.09.007","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical shunting in a large cohort with ischemic priapism","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001183","article-title":"Using artificial intelligence to predict surgical shunts in men with ischemic priapism","volume":"204","author":"Masterson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.12828.1","article-title":"Recent advances in the management of priapism","volume":"7","author":"Muneer","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026020606514003100_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2019.05.011","article-title":"Anatomic and functional outcome following distal shunt and Tunneling for treatment ischemic priapism: a single-center experience","volume":"16","author":"Ortac","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7796.165717","article-title":"Outcome and erectile function following treatment of priapism: an institutional experience","volume":"8","author":"Pal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Ann"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.110.010132","article-title":"Al-Ghorab shunt plus intracavernous tunneling for prolonged ischemic priapism","volume":"31","author":"Lian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Androl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.08.245","article-title":"Corporal Burnett \u201csnake\u201d surgical maneuver for the treatment of ischemic priapism: long-term followup","volume":"189","author":"Segal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.12.021","article-title":"T-shaped shunt and intracavernous tunneling for prolonged ischemic priapism","volume":"181","author":"Brant","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90498-2","article-title":"Cure of idiopathic priapism: new procedure for creating fistula between glans penis and corpora cavernosa","volume":"8","author":"Winter","year":"1976","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.3109\/02844317409084400","article-title":"A new operation for priapism","volume":"8","author":"Ebbehoj","year":"1974","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(76)90059-5","article-title":"Early arabian medicine: contribution to urology","volume":"8","author":"Hanafy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref104","first-page":"27","article-title":"Surgical treatment of priapism using Al-Ghorab\u2019s technic","volume":"101","author":"Borrelli","year":"1983","journal-title":"Rev Paul Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2008.01176.x","article-title":"Corporal \u201csnake\u201d maneuver: corporoglanular shunt surgical modification for ischemic priapism","volume":"6","author":"Burnett","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref106","first-page":"5","article-title":"Treatment of a case of priapism by Cavernospongious anastomosis","volume":"32","author":"Quackels","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Urol Belg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)60651-7","article-title":"Cavernospongiosum shunt in the treatment of priapism","volume":"108","author":"Sacher","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref108","first-page":"509","article-title":"Venous bypass to control priapism","volume":"1","author":"Grayhack","year":"1964","journal-title":"Investig Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58998-3","article-title":"Priapism: treatment with corpus cavernosum to dorsal vein of penis shunts","volume":"116","author":"Barry","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12686","article-title":"Penile prosthesis insertion in patients with refractory ischaemic priapism: early vs delayed implantation","volume":"114","author":"Zacharakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000081291.37860.a5","article-title":"Efficacy of shunt surgery for refractory low flow priapism: a report on the incidence of failed detumescence and erectile dysfunction","volume":"170","author":"Nixon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.10.025","article-title":"Clinical experience and sexual function outcome of patients with priapism treated with penile cavernosal-dorsal vein shunt using saphenous vein graft","volume":"73","author":"Chiou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3978\/j.issn.2223-4683.2011.12.03","article-title":"Commentary on refractory ischemic priapism","volume":"1","author":"Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.21037\/tau.2017.07.23","article-title":"Avoiding complications: surgery for ischemic priapism","volume":"6","author":"Reed-Maldonado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transl Androl Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)44746-X","article-title":"Priapism: a refined approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"136","author":"Lue","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01800618","article-title":"A study of the arterial blood supply to the penis","volume":"4","author":"Juskiewenski","year":"1982","journal-title":"Anatomia Clinica"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-019-0197-9","article-title":"The surgical management of ischaemic priapism","volume":"32","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.14712\/23362936.2023.24","article-title":"Successful treatment of detachment of the incision after Al-Ghorab procedure: a case report and review of literature","volume":"124","author":"Ergul","year":"2023","journal-title":"Prague Med Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2026020606514003100_ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae078","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of the Burnett \u201csnake\u201d maneuver shunt modification for ischemic priapism","volume":"21","author":"Unal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2018.02.010","article-title":"Penoscrotal decompression-promising new treatment paradigm for refractory ischemic priapism","volume":"15","author":"Fuchs","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15127","article-title":"Favourable multi-institutional experience with penoscrotal decompression for prolonged ischaemic priapism","volume":"126","author":"Baumgarten","year":"2020","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"2026020606514003100_ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsxm.2020.07.013","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of periprocedural antithrombotic therapy in ischemic priapism management","volume":"17","author":"Ramstein","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref123","first-page":"131","article-title":"Effects of priapism lasting 24 hours or longer caused by intracavernosal injection of vasoactive drugs","volume":"7","author":"Kulmala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2026020606514003100_ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-020-0282-0","article-title":"Cylinder insertion into scarred corporal bodies: prosthetic urology\u2019s most difficult challenge: some suggestions for making the surgery easier","volume":"32","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41443-024-00962-y","article-title":"Long-term experience with AMS-700 CXR inflatable penile prosthesis in high-risk patients with corporal fibrosis","volume":"37","author":"Johnson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026020606514003100_ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1038\/ijir.2011.23","article-title":"Early insertion of inflatable prosthesis for intractable ischemic priapism: our experience and review of the literature","volume":"23","author":"Sedigh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Impot Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026020606514003100_ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.09.044","article-title":"The immediate insertion of a penile prosthesis for acute ischaemic priapism","volume":"56","author":"Ralph","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jsxmed\/qdae041.025","article-title":"Early vs delayed insertion of penile prosthesis in patients with refractory priapism: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Elmarasi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12576","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2024.12576","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of short- and long-term complications of early versus delayed penile prosthesis implantation in patients with ischemic priapism","volume":"96","author":"Nanda De Niro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Ital Urol Androl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sxmr.2017.08.002","article-title":"Penile prosthesis implantation in priapism","volume":"6","author":"Yucel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sex Med Rev."},{"key":"2026020606514003100_ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2019.01.005","article-title":"Appropriate management of high-flow priapism based on color doppler ultrasonography findings in pediatric patients: four case reports and a review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Kato","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"issue":"10-S","key":"2026020606514003100_ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020010","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v91i10-S.10233","article-title":"Interventional radiology management of high flow priapism: review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Arrichiello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2007.00560.x","article-title":"Posttraumatic nonischemic priapism treated with autologous blood clot embolization","volume":"5","author":"Numan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2026020606514003100_ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1743-6109.2010.01838.x","article-title":"Androgen blockade for the treatment of high-flow priapism","volume":"7","author":"Mwamukonda","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sex Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026020606514003100_ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01464-9","article-title":"High-flow priapism: treatment and long-term follow-up","volume":"59","author":"Ciampalini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026020606514003100_ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1586152","article-title":"Embolization treatment of high-flow priapism","volume":"33","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026020606514003100_ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-7796.176874","article-title":"Noninvasive treatments for iatrogenic priapism: do they really work? A prospective multicenter study","volume":"8","author":"Habous","year":"2016","journal-title":"Urol Ann"}],"container-title":["Sexual Medicine Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smr\/article-pdf\/14\/1\/qeaf072\/66257514\/qeaf072.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smr\/article-pdf\/14\/1\/qeaf072\/66257514\/qeaf072.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T11:52:00Z","timestamp":1770378720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/smr\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeaf072\/8413676"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":137,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeaf072","relation":{},"ISSN":["2050-0513","2050-0521"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2050-0513","type":"print"},{"value":"2050-0521","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"article-number":"qeaf072"}}