{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:47:29Z","timestamp":1790704049283,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent genital arousal disorder\/genito-pelvic dysesthesia (PGAD\/GPD), a sensory hyperactivity condition, involves a broad range of undesired, unrelenting dysesthesia(s), including genital arousal, hard flaccid syndrome, and sleep-related prolonged erection. PGAD\/GPD is associated with significant, negative psychosocial consequences, including suicidal ideation. In 2021, the International Society for the Study of Women\u2019s Sexual Health developed a process of care for biopsychosocial management of PGAD\/GPD in women. This article reviews the management of PGAD\/GPD in all genders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A consensus guideline for management of PGAD\/GPD in all genders was developed based on the understanding that this complex condition may be triggered by multiple pathophysiologic factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The International Consultation for Sexual Medicine identified co-chairs to organize a consensus committee on PGAD\/GPD and select an expert multidisciplinary panel. They reviewed literature, basic science, and clinical data, using a modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on the background, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic options.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PGAD\/GPD occurs in women and men with similar prevalences, from which we can infer that a substantial number of individuals are adversely affected by PGAD\/GPD. While sensory hyperactivity is perceived as located in the genito-pelvic region, symptoms can originate from any of 5 regions: region 1, the end organ; region 2, the pelvis\/perineum; region 3, the cauda equina; region 4, the spinal cord; and region 5, the brain. The experts reviewed region-based pathophysiologic triggers, diagnostic procedures, and biopsychosocial treatment strategies based on the location of the trigger(s). Psychological and medical treatments should be performed concomitantly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although PGAD\/GPD is associated with significant morbidity, it is still underrecognized by healthcare practitioners. It is strongly recommended that individuals of all genders be safely and effectively managed following the process-of-care diagnostic algorithm that systematically examines the 5 regions to localize the dysesthesia trigger(s). The algorithm emphasizes using psychological and medical interventions in parallel throughout the process, with interventions based on the location(s) of the identified trigger(s).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeaf082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T12:30:40Z","timestamp":1766752240000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Persistent genital arousal disorder\/Genito-pelvic dysesthesia in all genders: recommendations from the Fifth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine (ICSM 2024)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Irwin","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Diego Sexual Medicine , San Diego, CA 92120,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Sexual Medicine, University of California San Diego Health East Campus , San Diego, CA 92120 ,","place":["United 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