{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:28:43Z","timestamp":1793330923632,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) may influence reward-related and sexual behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To synthesize evidence from preclinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of GLP-1 RAs on libido and sexual function in both women and men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A structured synthesis of published studies examining GLP-1 RAs in relation to sexual behaviors, libido, and sexual parameters was performed using PubMed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In animal models, the GLP-1 RA exendin-4 administration suppressed sexual interaction behaviors in a brain region\u2013specific manner, particularly within the laterodorsal tegmental area, posterior ventral tegmental area, and nucleus accumbens shell, while activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract reduced pre-sexual, sexual, and post-sexual behaviors accompanied by elevated corticosterone and altered monoamine turnover. These findings suggest diminishing sexual motivation and performance in rodents through neuroendocrine and stress-related mechanisms. In humans, evidence remains mixed. Pharmacovigilance analyses from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System revealed reports of erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, and orgasmic dysfunction among GLP-1 RA users, but disproportionality analyses indicated insignificant associations. A social media\u2013based netnographic analysis of user posts found self-reported reductions in substance use and compulsive behaviors, with variable effects on libido\u2014ranging from enhancement attributed to weight loss and improved body image to decreased desire in others. A randomized, double-blind crossover trial in healthy lean men demonstrated that dulaglutide had no effect on sexual desire, hypothalamic\u2013pituitary-gonadal axis hormones, or semen parameters, suggesting no direct impairment of male sexual or reproductive function. However, recent clinical case reports have identified possible female sexual side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, preclinical evidence supports inhibitory effects of GLP-1 receptor activation on sexual motivation, whereas human findings are limited and reveal heterogeneous outcomes possibly influenced by gender, metabolic status, GLP-1 RA drug type, and psychosocial factors. Further mechanistic and controlled clinical studies are warranted since there seems to be a divergence between preclinical and clinical data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sxmrev\/qeag015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T12:00:42Z","timestamp":1774267242000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["GLP-1 receptor agonists and sexual function in women and men: a narrative review of emerging evidence and the need for further research"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7952-1428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaher","family":"Merhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY 10461, United States"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and 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