{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T16:13:10Z","timestamp":1788970390499,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788739200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32001247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["2022FY2022200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022FY2022200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Species identification in taxonomically complex plant groups is frequently limited by the inadequacy of organellar markers, whose phylogenetic signal is disrupted by cytonuclear discordance and chloroplast capture. Using the taxonomically complex genus Populus as a model, we evaluated an assembly-free k-mer workflow against a curated SNP reference benchmark. Whole-genome resequencing data from 235 Populus individuals were curated to a 202-individual, 34-species reference data set in which all retained species are strictly monophyletic in a genome-wide SNP analysis. Independent maximum likelihood analyses further confirmed that the 31 non-hybrid backbone species each maintained high-support monophyly, whereas taxa of documented reticulate origin showed placement patterns consistent with their reticulate histories. ABBA-BABA D-statistics detected widespread residual allele sharing within the backbone, though the strongest signals did not correspond to the species pairs responsible for the few k-mer identification failures. Against this benchmark, complete plastomes showed limited resolution, recovering only 3.0% species monophyly and 71.1% nearest-neighbor assignment. The optimized k-mer workflow, operating directly on raw reads without assembly or alignment, recovered 91.2% species monophyly, 99.0% nearest-neighbor assignment, and 98.0% group-average assignment. K-mer length was the primary accuracy-controlling parameter, with $k=31$ falling within a stable accuracy plateau. Distance-based metrics reached near-saturation at 0.2$\\times$ sequencing depth, indicating that low-coverage genome skimming can support scalable nuclear genome-based identification with standard computational resources. K-mer distance heatmaps also flagged unusual genomic affinities in hybrid-origin and outlier samples, providing a rapid screen for subsequent population genomic analyses. These results support assembly-free k-mer distances as an efficient tool for reference-based species identification and sample screening in complex plant groups, with residual limitations concentrated near recently diverged species boundaries. Model-based phylogenomic, coalescent, and network analyses remain necessary for resolving deeper species relationships and detailed introgression histories.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syag059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:20:27Z","timestamp":1788520827000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Benchmarking Assembly-Free K-mer Methods for Species Identification in Complex Plant Groups: A Case Study in\n                    <i>Populus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1346-1184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueqi","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingying","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueya","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8371-3246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenpan","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ce","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University , Beijing 100083 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2026090911064579800_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","article-title":"Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals","volume":"19","author":"Alexander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13507","article-title":"High quality haplotype-resolved genome assemblies of Populus tomentosa Carr., a stabilized interspecific hybrid species widespread in Asia","volume":"22","author":"An","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026090911064579800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib4","article-title":"BBMap: A Fast, Accurate, Splice-Aware Aligner","author":"Bushnell","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s003440000030","article-title":"Emerging model systems in plant biology: poplar (Populus) as a model forest tree","volume":"19","author":"Ceulemans","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang C.C., Chow C.C., Tellier L.C., Vattikuti S., Purcell S.M., Lee J.J. \u00a02015. Second-generation plink: rising to the challenge of larger and richer datasets. Gigascience. 4(1):7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13742-015-0047-8"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/tax.562004","article-title":"A proposal for a standardised protocol to barcode all land plants","volume":"56","author":"Chase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Taxon"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00695","article-title":"Identification of Ligularia herbs using the complete chloroplast genome as a super-barcode","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.13549","article-title":"From barcodes to genomes: Extending the concept of DNA barcoding","volume":"25","author":"Coissac","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090911064579800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-025-02752-1","article-title":"A composite universal dna signature for the tree of life","volume":"9","author":"de\u00a0Medeiros","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090911064579800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2024.06.003","article-title":"Skmer approach improves species discrimination in taxonomically problematic genus Schima (Theaceae)","volume":"46","author":"Duan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib12","volume-title":"Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation","author":"Eckenwalder","year":"1996"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1093\/zoolinnean\/zlab072","article-title":"The taxonomic impediment: a shortage of taxonomists, not the lack of technical approaches","volume":"193","author":"Engel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zool. J. Linnean Soc."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090911064579800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2802","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002802","article-title":"Multiple multilocus DNA barcodes from the plastid genome discriminate plant species equally well","volume":"3","author":"Fazekas","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05073-w","article-title":"Testing plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences as the next-generation DNA barcodes for species identification and phylogenetic analysis in Acer","volume":"24","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol."},{"issue":"1512","key":"2026090911064579800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2002.2218","article-title":"Biological identifications through DNA barcodes","volume":"270","author":"Hebert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Roy. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150338","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0338","article-title":"Telling plant species apart with DNA: From barcodes to genomes","volume":"371","author":"Hollingsworth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13050","article-title":"Testing and using complete plastomes and ribosomal DNA sequences as the next generation DNA barcodes in Panax (Araliaceae)","volume":"19","author":"Ji","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02154-5","article-title":"Getorganelle: a fast and versatile toolkit for accurate de novo assembly of organelle genomes","volume":"21","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.3732\/ajb.1100570","article-title":"Ultra-barcoding in cacao (Theobroma spp.; Malvaceae) using whole chloroplast genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA","volume":"99","author":"Kane","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Bot."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090911064579800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"23","key":"2026090911064579800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8369","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503123102","article-title":"Use of DNA barcodes to identify flowering plants","volume":"102","author":"Kress","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090911064579800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0000508","article-title":"A two-locus global DNA barcode for land plants: the coding rbcL gene complements the non-coding trnH-psbA spacer region","volume":"2","author":"Kress","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"2026090911064579800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msv150","article-title":"Fastme 2.0: a comprehensive, accurate, and fast distance-based phylogeny inference program","volume":"32","author":"Lefort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib25","article-title":"Aligning sequence reads, clone sequences and assembly contigs with BWA-MEM","author":"Li","year":"2013"},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090911064579800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The sequence alignment\/Map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"msac008","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac008","article-title":"Demographic history and natural selection shape patterns of deleterious mutation load and barriers to introgression across Populus genome","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2024.10.002","article-title":"Assembly-free reads accurate identification (AFRAID) approach outperforms other methods of DNA barcoding in the walnut family (Juglandaceae)","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pld.2022.04.002","article-title":"Testing complete plastomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences for species identification in a taxonomically difficult bamboo genus Fargesia","volume":"45","author":"Lv","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant Divers."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026090911064579800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107524.110","article-title":"The genome analysis toolkit: a MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data","volume":"20","author":"McKenna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13265","article-title":"Dsuite: Fast D-statistics and related admixture evidence from VCF files","volume":"21","author":"Malinsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026090911064579800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr011","article-title":"A fast, lock-free approach for efficient parallel counting of occurrences of k-mers","volume":"27","author":"Mar\u00e7ais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/jse.13074","article-title":"A study on the distribution, origin, and taxonomy of Populus pseudoglauca and Populus wuana","volume":"63","author":"Mi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Syst. Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026090911064579800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015","article-title":"IQ-TREE 2: new models and methods for phylogenetic inference","volume":"37","author":"Minh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2026090911064579800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13216","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713216","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships and next-generation barcodes in the genus Torreya reveal a high proportion of misidentified cultivated plants","volume":"24","author":"Mo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090911064579800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1139\/b06-047","article-title":"DNA barcoding in land plants: evaluation of rbcL in a multigene tiered approach","volume":"84","author":"Newmaster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can. J. Bot."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-016-0997-x","article-title":"Mash: fast genome and metagenome distance estimation using MinHash","volume":"17","author":"Ondov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg412","article-title":"Ape: analyses of phylogenetics and evolution in R language","volume":"20","author":"Paradis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib39","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team.","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1632-4","article-title":"Skmer: assembly-free and alignment-free sample identification using genome skims","volume":"20","author":"Sarmashghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2024.108072","article-title":"A new species of Populus and the extensive hybrid speciation arising from it on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau","volume":"196","author":"Shi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib42","volume-title":"Biology of Populus and its implications for management and conservation","author":"Stettler","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090911064579800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"uhae034","DOI":"10.1093\/hr\/uhae034","article-title":"The chromosome-scale genome and population genomics reveal the adaptative evolution of Populus pruinosa to desertification environment","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Horticulture Res."},{"issue":"7551","key":"2026090911064579800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/521161c","article-title":"Plant identification is key to conservation","volume":"521","author":"Trias-Blasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5793","key":"2026090911064579800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128691","article-title":"The Genome of Black Cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray)","volume":"313","author":"Tuskan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4821","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41320-z","article-title":"Genetic analysis of admixture and hybrid patterns of Populus hopeiensis and P. tomentosa","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090911064579800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btae154","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btae154","article-title":"MIKE: An ultrafast, assembly-, and alignment-free approach for phylogenetic tree construction","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2026090911064579800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16215","article-title":"Phylogenomics of the genus Populus reveals extensive interspecific gene flow and balancing selection","volume":"225","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984825","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.984825","article-title":"Classification of 17 species Aegilops using DNA barcoding and SNPs, reveals gene flow among Aegilops biuncialis, Aegilops juvenalis, and Aegilops columnaris","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813177","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2022.813177","article-title":"Phylogenomics and biogeography of Populus based on comprehensive sampling reveal deep-level relationships and multiple intercontinental dispersals","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518122","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2025.1518122","article-title":"Species delimitation in the Populus laurifolia complex (Salicaceae) based on phylogenetic and morphometric evidence","volume":"16","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026090911064579800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13071192","article-title":"Testing efficacy of assembly-free and alignment-free methods for species identification using genome skims, with Patellogastropoda as a test case","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090911064579800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0122903","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122903","article-title":"DNA barcoding evaluation and its taxonomic implications in the species-rich genus Primula L. in China","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2011.03095.x","article-title":"Applying plant DNA barcodes to identify species of Parnassia (Parnassiaceae)","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026090911064579800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12628","article-title":"Ggtree: An r package for visualization and annotation of phylogenetic trees with their covariates and other associated data","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026090911064579800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3161","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13683","article-title":"Species discrimination in Schima (Theaceae): Next-generation super-barcodes meet evolutionary complexity","volume":"22","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bse.2016.11.008","article-title":"Chloroplast phylogenomic analyses maternal relationships among sections in the genus Populus","volume":"70","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026090911064579800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7817","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4261","article-title":"Plastome phylogeny and lineage diversification of salicaceae with focus on poplars and willows","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026090911064579800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13719","article-title":"DNA barcoding of Cymbidium by genome skimming: call for next-generation nuclear barcodes","volume":"23","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib60","article-title":"Preliminary Study on DNA Barcoding and Molecular Systematics of Populus Species in China","author":"Zhao","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.03.13.584875","article-title":"BinDash 2.0: new minhash scheme allows ultra-fast and accurate genome search and comparisons","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026090911064579800_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty651","article-title":"Bindash, software for fast genome distance estimation on a typical personal laptop","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026090911064579800_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00005","article-title":"Plastome sequences help to resolve deep-level relationships of Populus in the family salicaceae","volume":"10","author":"Zong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."}],"container-title":["Systematic Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sysbio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syag059\/70986291\/syag059.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sysbio\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syag059\/70986291\/syag059.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:31:39Z","timestamp":1788967899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sysbio\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syag059\/8787605"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mandel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"references-count":63,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sysbio\/syag059","relation":{},"ISSN":["1063-5157","1076-836X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1063-5157","type":"print"},{"value":"1076-836X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"article-number":"syag059"}}