{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,11]],"date-time":"2026-01-11T08:24:01Z","timestamp":1768119841525,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]],"date-time":"2020-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605830400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Selection of replacements for the sow herd is one of the most important facets in swine production. Although our current methods of selection are effective, there is still a large amount of variation in sow reproductive performance traits such as pigs per sow per year (PSY). Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if on-farm phenotypic traits at 21 d postnatal (PN) or perinatal environmental factors could predict sow reproductive performance. Data were prospectively collected from 2,146 gilts born on a commercial sow production facility and included birth and weaning weights, vulva length and width at 21 d PN, birth and nursing litter size, days nursed, average daily gain from birth to weaning, and age at first estrus. Of the initial animals, 400 (17%) were selected for the sow herd, 353 remained after removal of animals culled for non-reproductive reasons. Animals were assigned to 1 of 5 reproductive performance categories based on observation of estrus or pigs per sow per year (PSY) across two farrowings: High Fertility (HF; 23%; n = 82; \u226526 PSY), Middle Fertility (MF2; 12%; n = 43; 20\u201325 PSY), Low Fertility (MF3; 15%; n = 54; &amp;lt;20 PSY), Infertile-Estrus (IFe; 10%; n = 36; estrus, no pregnancy), and Infertile-No Estrus (IFno; 39%; n = 138; no estrus, no pregnancy). Generalized linear model analysis indicated vulva width (P = 0.03) was related to PSY, however, it only explained 1.5% of the total variation in PSY. To determine if preweaning variables were predictive of gilt fertility outcome, animals were grouped as those that became pregnant (n = 179) or not (n = 174). Vulva width tended to be greater in fertile animals versus infertile (P = 0.07). Binomial regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between vulva width and gilt fertility, however, this relationship is not strong enough to make sow herd selection decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,29]],"date-time":"2020-12-29T10:19:54Z","timestamp":1609237194000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Evaluation of on-farm indicators of gilt reproductive performance potential at 21 days of age1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kayla M","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8614-7198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan P","family":"Schinckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jebadiah G","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ag Production Enterprises, Greensburg, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theresa M","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6223-8159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kara R","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020122906302291300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.03834.x","article-title":"Milk-borne relaxin and the lactocrine hypothesis for maternal programming of neonatal tissues","volume":"1160","author":"Bagnell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. 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