{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T07:19:19Z","timestamp":1786864759093,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs. Eighty pigs, of equal number of barrows and gilts (initial body weight: 7.0 \u00b1 0.60 kg), were weaned at 21 \u00b1 1 d and randomly allotted to 1 of the 16 pens, with 5 pigs per pen. Two dietary treatments were implemented, a basal control (CON) and a control plus DFM (CDFM). Both diets were corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains based. Diets were fed for 42 d and growth performance measures were recorded weekly. On days 21 and 42 of the experiment, one pig per pen, with equal number of males and females, was randomly selected and euthanized. Digestibility of nitrogen (N), amino acids (AA), and energy were evaluated within the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending and distal colon. Relative to CON, CDFM tended to increase ADG during week 2 (P = 0.08) and significantly increased ADFI during week 2 (P = 0.04) and week 3 (P = 0.02). In addition, CDFM decreased the gain to feed ratio (G:F) during week 6 relative to CON (P = 0.04). Within the jejunum, pigs fed the DFM had greater digestibility of tryptophan (P = 0.04) and cysteine (P = 0.04) and tended to have greater digestibility of lysine (P = 0.07), methionine (P = 0.06), and threonine (P = 0.08), relative to CON. The content pH in the ascending colon did not differ between CDFM and CON. Compared with CON, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy did not differ from CDFM, whereas ATTD of nitrogen of CDFM was lower (P = 0.05). The addition of a multi-strain B. subtilis-based DFM appears to impact growth performance, AA, and N digestibility depending upon the location in the gastrointestinal tract, with primary AA differences occurring within the mid-jejunum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab058","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T09:46:25Z","timestamp":1616492785000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of a multi-strain<i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>-based direct-fed microbial on weanling pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jaron R","family":"Lewton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrienne D","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Animal Health, Sheridan, IN 46069, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronny L","family":"Moser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Animal Health, Sheridan, IN 46069, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6755-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyan M","family":"Thelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam J","family":"Moeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie L","family":"Trottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert J","family":"Tempelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale W","family":"Rozeboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021071512413565800_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.71.7.726","article-title":"Changes in the use of antimicrobials and the effects on productivity of swine farms in Denmark","volume":"71","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. 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