{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T16:56:51Z","timestamp":1778173011617,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]],"date-time":"2021-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Increased trailer motion, coupled with large accelerations and decelerations, has been associated with decreased carcass quality and increased stress indicators in cattle, sheep, and hogs. However, motion of livestock trailers has not been measured in North-American cattle semi-trailers over long distances (&amp;gt; 1000 km). The objectives of this study were to develop a practical method of measuring transport trailer accelerations, to describe the range of accelerations cattle are exposed to under North American conditions, and to conduct a preliminary analysis of trailer accelerations for each compartment and its effect on carcass bruising. The root mean square (RMS) of acceleration was measured at a sampling rate of 200 Hz in 3 orthogonal axes; x (vertical), y (front-to-rear), and z (lateral; side-to-side) by clamping an accelerometer to the cross beam below each of the five compartments of 8 trailers transporting a total of 330 animals (674 \u00b1 33.3 kg BW) from an assembly yard to a processing facility. Journeys took place on separate days and ranged in duration from 13 to 15.7 h. The number and severity of bruises per carcass were determined prior to trimming for n = 290 carcasses and the number of bruises per carcass ranged between 0.38 and 12.75, whereas the bruising score per carcass ranged between 0.38 and 14.88. Mean number of bruises and severity of bruises (bruising scores were assigned according to size using a three-point scale: 1) \u2264 6.5 cm, 2) 6.5 to 12 cm, and 3) \u2265 12 cm and bruising severity was determined by applying the weighted score to each bruise according to bruise area) per carcass was 4.52 \u00b1 2.43 (n) and 5.31 \u00b1 2.84, respectively. Accelerations in commercial transport vehicles were found to range between 0.33 and 1.90 m\/s2, whereas the mean RMS of acceleration for all trailers (n = 31 accelerometers) was 1.01 \u00b1 0.32 m\/s2, 0.72 \u00b1 0.31 m\/s2, and 0.97 \u00b1 0.30 m\/s2 for the x, y, and z axes, respectively. Horizontal acceleration was greatest in the nose, back, and doghouse compartments (P = 0.05), whereas lateral acceleration was greatest in the nose and back compartments (P = 0.08). Although the nose, back, and doghouse compartments had the highest RMS values for the lateral and horizontal axes, there were no significant relationships between bruising and acceleration. Replication of this research is required to further understand the relationships between trailer motion, carcass bruising, and overall animal welfare in cattle transported long distances.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txab216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T21:55:33Z","timestamp":1648158933000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of accelerometers to assess and describe trailer motion and its impact on carcass bruising in market cows transported under North American conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Carollyne E J","family":"Kehler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela M","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Ominski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Crow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trever G","family":"Crowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5A9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen S","family":"Schwartzkopf-Genswein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022032516103302800_CIT0001","first-page":"83","article-title":"Transport stress in cattle and sheep with details of physiological, ethological and other indicators","volume":"110","author":"Broom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dtsch. 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