{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:27:20Z","timestamp":1789000040210,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CA-D-ASC-6578-H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-D-ASC-6578-H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This study evaluates the partial replacement of steam-flaked corn (SFC) with increasing dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) levels in growing-finishing diets for calf-fed Holstein steers. Two experiments were conducted. In trial 1, 100 Holstein calves (136 \u00b1 7 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of DDGS as a metabolizable protein source on cattle growth performance, and dietary energetics of calf-fed Holstein steers during the initial 111 d growing phase. Four dietary levels of DDGS were evaluated (10, 15, 20, and 25%, dry matter basis), replacing SFC (flake density, 0.31 kg\/L). In trial 2, four Holstein steers (368 \u00b1 20 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum were used to evaluate treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber, nitrogen (N), and indispensable amino acid supply to the small intestine. The increasing level of DDGS did not affect (P \u2265 0.13) average daily gain, gain efficiency, and estimated dietary net energy values. Replacement of SFC with increasing levels of DDGS decreased (linear; P = 0.01) ruminal OM digestion. There was no treatment effect on the flow of microbial nitrogen to the small intestine (P = 0.34) and ruminal microbial efficiency (P = 0.79). However, increasing levels of DDGS in the diet increased (linear; P \u2264 0.04) flow of methionine, histidine, phenylalanine, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine but did not affect (P = 0.74) intestinal supply of lysine. Increasing DDGS in the diet increased (linear, P &amp;lt; 0.01) flow of N to the small intestine but decreased (linear; P &amp;lt; 0.01) ruminal N efficiency. Replacing SFC with DDGS increased intake and amino acid leaving the abomasum. Still, this effect was not sufficient to increase the growth performance of calf-fed Holstein during the first 111 d on feed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txad024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1678166360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Influence of level of dried distillers grains plus solubles substitution for steam-flaked corn on characteristics of growth performance, and dietary energetics of calf-fed Holstein steers during the initial 16-week growing phase: metabolizable protein versus metabolizable amino acids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Martin F","family":"Montano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Biotechnology of Ruminants, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Baja California , Mexicali, Baja California 21386 , M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1620-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro H V","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California , Davis 95616, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos V C","family":"Ferraz Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California , Davis 95616, California , USA"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Sociais, Educa\u00e7\u00e3o e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas , Parintins 69152240 , Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-8830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brooke C","family":"Latack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California , Holtville 92250, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Zinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California , Davis 95616, California , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082810402050500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4109","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4143","article-title":"Digestibility of amino acids in corn, corn coproducts, and bakery meal fed to growing pigs","volume":"89","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. 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