{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:48:30Z","timestamp":1792018110128,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the effects of feeding Bacillus subtilis PB6 on clinical health, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers. Bos indicus crossbred steer calves (n = 397; 342 kg initial body weight [BW]) were randomly assigned to pens by initial BW; pens (n = 24) were randomly assigned to one of two of the following experimental treatments: 1) no supplemental dietary direct-fed microbial, control (CON; n = 12 pens) or 2) 13 g\/steer daily B. subtilis PB6 (CLO; CLOSTAT, Kemin Industries, Des Moines, IA; n = 12 pens). Steers were housed in 12.2 \u00d7 30.5 m soil-surfaced pens; pen served as the experimental unit. The percentage of cattle treated once or twice for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) did not differ among treatments (P \u2265 0.27); BRD mortality also did not differ between CON and CLO (P = 0.34). During the receiving period, final BW (P = 0.97), average daily gain (ADG; P = 0.91), dry matter intake (DMI; P = 0.77), and gain:feed (P = 0.79) were not different among treatments. There was a tendency (P = 0.09) for CLO-supplemented steers to be 14% more efficient from days 0 to 14 of the receiving period. Final BW, overall finishing phase ADG, and DMI did not differ by treatment (P \u2265 0.14); ADG was 0.14 kg greater for CLO than CON (P = 0.03) from days 29 to 56 of the finishing period. Gain: feed tended (P = 0.07) to be 7% greater (0.144 vs. 0.141) for CLO than CON throughout the duration of the finishing period, and 6.7% greater (P = 0.08; 0.152 for CLO vs. 0.150 for CON) for the entirety of the experiment. Carcass traits did not differ among treatments (P \u2265 0.31). The results of this experiment suggest that supplementing 13 g\/steer daily B. subtilis PB6 may improve feed efficiency in feedlot cattle.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txad047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T21:36:42Z","timestamp":1683841002000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effects of feeding CLOSTAT (<i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i> PB6) on the clinical health, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Will R","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth S","family":"DeSocio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie E","family":"Youngers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caleb G","family":"Lockard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9615-1289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris J","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1438-8881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara J","family":"Trojan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peak Beef Nutrition and Management Consulting, LLC , Casper, WY 82604 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerilyn E","family":"Hergenreder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kemin Industries, Inc. , Des Moines, IA 50317 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6038-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blake K","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University , Stillwater, OK 74078 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082810413867500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.08.004","article-title":"Nutraceuticals an alternative strategy for the use of antimicrobials","volume":"35","author":"Ballou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. 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