{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:08:27Z","timestamp":1791230907128,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":168,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005019","name":"Beef Cattle Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005019","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008921","name":"Saskatchewan Ministry of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Trace mineral supplementation of beef cattle is essential for efficient reproduction and herd health. Understanding regional differences in cow trace mineral status could inform decisions about risks of deficiencies and supplementation management. Cow\u2013calf surveillance projects provided three opportunities to evaluate the trace mineral status of Canadian beef cow herds. Blood samples were collected at pregnancy testing in 2014 from 102 cow\u2013calf herds and in 2016 from 86 cow\u2013calf herds in Western Canada. In 2019, blood samples were collected at pregnancy testing from cows in 163 cow\u2013calf herds from Eastern and Western Canada. Serum samples were analyzed for copper, selenium, and molybdenum concentrations using a plasma mass spectrometer. The prevalence of copper deficient cows sampled from the Western provinces ranged from 24% to 43% across the three periods, and was 20% from Eastern Canada in 2019. The prevalence of selenium deficient cows ranged from 0.2% to 0.4% across the three projects in Western Canada, but was higher in Eastern Canada at 4.6% in 2019. High serum molybdenum was identified in 9.4% to 14% of cows across the three periods in Western Canada and in 15% of cows sampled in Eastern Canada in 2019. Serum copper, selenium, and molybdenum concentrations varied by cow age and month of sample collection. Serum selenium and molybdenum concentrations, but not copper, varied by soil type associated with the location of the farm. A subsample of samples from cows from Western Canadian herds provided body condition score (BCS) data, pregnancy status, and calf survival data and were used to estimate updated serum reference values for adequate concentrations. Age-specific values were required for selenium and molybdenum. Reference intervals (80%) were estimated from 2,406 pregnant beef cows from 99 herds with each cow having a BCS \u2265 2.5\/5 and a live calf at 3 wk with no retained placenta: copper for all cows (0.379 to 0.717 ppm), selenium for cows &amp;lt;4 yr (0.052 to 0.152 ppm), and selenium for cows \u22654 yr (0.064 to 0.184 ppm). Upper 90% reference limits were also estimated for serum molybdenum for cows &amp;lt;4 yr (&amp;gt;0.104 ppm) and cows \u22654 yr (&amp;gt;0.110 ppm). The lower limits for the reference intervals for adequate copper and selenium are below those previously reported; nevertheless, they represent a large sample that was specifically applicable to extensively managed beef animals in western Canada.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txad062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]],"date-time":"2023-06-18T07:55:40Z","timestamp":1687074940000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Update on copper and selenium in Canadian cow\u2013calf herds: regional differences and estimation of serum reference values"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Cheryl","family":"Waldner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada S7N 5B4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2488-8863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lianne","family":"McLeod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada S7N 5B4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada S7N 5B4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada S7N 5B4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023082810305435600_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11102767","article-title":"Trace mineral nutrition of grazing beef cattle","volume":"1","author":"Arthington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"2023082810305435600_CIT0002","author":"Beef Cattle Research Council"},{"key":"2023082810305435600_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12006","article-title":"ASVCP reference interval guidelines: determination of de novo reference intervals in veterinary species and other related topics","volume":"4","author":"Friedrichs","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. 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