{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T15:12:12Z","timestamp":1776093132117,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":75,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The growth performance and blood indices of medicated and non-medicated broiler chickens have been the subject of this research coupled with a paucity of comparative information on what can actually happen to broiler chickens if not medicated when reared under humid tropical conditions. One hundred unsexed day-old broilers were randomly and equally allotted into two treatment groups of TM (medicated) and TN (non-medicated) in a completely randomized design each treatment with five replicates having ten birds each. The birds were reared on deep litter system for 56 d which was divided into two phases of 28 d each (starter and finisher), during which data were collected with respect to daily feed intake, final body weight, body weight gained (BWG), mortality rate while blood analysis was carried out on 28th and 56th d for starter and finisher phases, respectively. Non-medicated group served as control. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE), were later calculated. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance statistically. There was no significant difference between the medicated and non-medicated broilers for daily feed intake, final body weight, and BWG and also for the blood parameters investigated at starter phase. However, at finisher phase, no significant difference was observed in the daily feed intake of Tm and Tn but there was significant (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) difference in the final body weight, BWG, FCR, FCE, and mortality rate between the two groups. Birds on Tm attained higher weight significantly (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) than those on TN. BWG, FCR, and FCE followed the same trend and also the mortality rate. White blood cells count of TN was higher significantly (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) than TM while TM birds recorded higher packed cell volume, red blood counts, and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) significantly (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05) than TM birds. Effect of medication was much noticeable at finisher phase as it improved the growth rate though mortality rate was close to that of TN group. These results suggest that broilers can be produced free of medication with good feeding without loss of birds while the growth rate can be enhanced with the use of prebiotics and prebiotics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txae040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]],"date-time":"2024-03-16T12:29:43Z","timestamp":1710592183000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Data analytics-based evaluation of blood indices and adaptation of medicated and non-medicated broiler chickens under humid tropical conditions"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4434-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olufemi M","family":"Alabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Halleluyah O","family":"Aworinde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Segun","family":"Adebayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computer Science Programme, College of Communication and Computing Science, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinwale O","family":"Akinwumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics Engineering Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adebamiji","family":"Ayandiji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture Programme, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, Bowen University , Iwo , Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Tatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan , Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.7.2054-2059.2001","article-title":"Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway","volume":"45","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0002","first-page":"2054","article-title":"Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in denmark","volume":"45","author":"Aarestrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spring"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0003","first-page":"231","article-title":"Proximate composition and economic values of four common sources of animal protein in South-","volume-title":"Zootecnia.Trop","author":"Adeniyi","year":"2011"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7129","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez452","article-title":"Influence of autolyzed whole yeast and yeast components on broiler chickens challenged with salmonella lipopolysaccharide","volume":"98","author":"Ahiwe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0005","first-page":"197","article-title":"\u201cEffect of alternative housing systems on blood profile of egg-type chickens in humid tropics\u201d","volume":"7","author":"Alabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Exp. Agric"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.5513\/JCEA01\/18.3.1938","article-title":"Performance characteristics and physiological response of broiler chickens at finisher stage to oral supplementation with fluted pumpkin, Telfairia occidentalis leaf extract","volume":"18","author":"Alabi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cent. Eur. Agric"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3807","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey160","article-title":"Benefits of probiotics and\/or prebiotics for antibiotic-reduced poultry","volume":"97","author":"Al-Khalaifa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916473","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2022.916473","article-title":"Potential feed additives as antibiotic alternatives in","volume":"9","author":"Ayalew","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0009","first-page":"97","article-title":"Comparative effect of vitamin complex and orange extract on physiological and blood parameters of transported pullets in humid tropics","volume":"13","author":"Ayoola","year":"2023","journal-title":"Online J. Anim. Feed Res"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.01.033","article-title":"Importance of antibiotic residues in animal food","volume":"125","author":"Bacanl\u0131","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food. Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008-00562","article-title":"Effects of diets containing different concentrations of mannanoligosaccharid or antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal development, cecal and litter microbial populations, and carcass parameters of broilers","volume":"88","author":"Baurhoo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-3408-4.00003-5","article-title":"Basic haematological techniques","volume-title":"Dacie and Lewis Practical","author":"Briggs","year":"2012"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.558455","article-title":"Comparing farm biosecurity and antimicrobial use in high-antimicrobial-consuming broiler and pig farms in the","volume":"7","author":"Caekebeke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2016.06.025","article-title":"Antibiotics in the aquatic environments: a review of theEuropean scenario","volume":"94","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: potential public health implications","volume":"23","author":"Christy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0016","first-page":"887","article-title":"Incidence of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens and their environment during production and processing","volume-title":"Avian Dis","author":"Craven","year":"2001"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027949","article-title":"Modulations of the chicken cecal microbiome and metagenome in response","volume":"6","author":"Danzeisen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.02.023","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peels, juice and seeds","volume":"114","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food. Chem. Toxicol"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00282","article-title":"Antibiotics in Canadian poultry productions and anticipated alternatives","volume":"5","author":"Diarra","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/84.4.634","article-title":"Antibiotic growth promoters in agriculture: History and modeof action","volume":"84","author":"Dibner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2815","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2815-2823.2006","article-title":"Characterization of intestinal microbiota and","volume":"72","author":"Dumonceaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Environ. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/79.9.1311","article-title":"Effect of zinc bacitracin and salinomycin on intestinal microflora and performance of broilers","volume":"79","author":"Engberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3465","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00201-12","article-title":"Characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg from a ground turkey- associated outbreak in the United States in 2011","volume":"56","author":"Folster","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev142","article-title":"Impact of a drug- free program on broiler chicken growth performances, gut health, Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter jejuni occurrences at the farm level","volume":"94","author":"Gaucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2014-04002","article-title":"Biocheck.UGent: a quantitative tool to measure biosecurity at broiler farms and the relationship with technical performances and antimicrobial use","volume":"93","author":"Gelaude","year":"2014","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0026","first-page":"1204","volume-title":"Poult.Sci.","author":"Giambrone","year":"1981"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sustainableantibiotic-free broiler meat production: current trends, challenges, and possibilities in adeveloping country perspective","volume":"9","author":"Hakimul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biology."},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey598","article-title":"Evaluation of the overall impact of antibiotics growth promoters on broiler health and productivity during the medication and withdrawal period","volume":"98","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030507","article-title":"\u201cEffect of antibiotic, phytobiotic and probiotic supplementation on growth, blood indices and intestine health in broiler chicks challenged with Clostridium perfringens\u201d","volume":"10","author":"Hussein","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals (Basel)"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101904","article-title":"Role of steroid growth promoter on growth performance and meat quality traits in broiler","volume":"101","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-018-0560-8","article-title":"Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals. Part 1: challenges and needs","volume":"49","author":"Hoelzer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01319","article-title":"Avian necrotic enteritis: experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors and vaccine development","volume":"90","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114512006083","article-title":"Dietarysupplementation of young broiler chickens with Capsicum and turmeric oleoresinsincreases resistance to necrotic enteritis","volume":"110","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0035","first-page":"1","article-title":"The current status of the alternative use to antibiotics in poultry production: an african perspective","volume":"9","author":"Letlhogonolo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012-02374","article-title":"Immune modulation of innate immunity as alternatives-to- antibiotics strategies to mitigate the use of drugs in poultry production","volume":"91","author":"Lillehoj","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00986-06","article-title":"Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter spp. by the agar dilution and the agar disk diffusion methods","volume":"45","author":"Luangtongkum","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.4067\/S0301-732X2009000200010","article-title":"Effect of different growth promoters on broiler performance and gut morphology","volume":"41","author":"Markovi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Vet"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.03.002","article-title":"Use of antibiotics in broiler production: Global impacts and alternatives","volume":"4","author":"Mehdi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112038","article-title":"Antibiotic residues in poultry tissues in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"204","author":"Mohammed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2920-8","article-title":"An overview of sample preparation procedures for LC-MS multiclass antibioticdetermination in environmental and food samples","volume":"395","author":"Moreno-Bondi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.0590828","article-title":"The effects of different protein and energy levels and time of change from starter to finisher ration on the performance of broiler chickens in the tropics","volume":"59","author":"Olomu","year":"1980","journal-title":"Poult. Sci"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2012.02.020","article-title":"Antimicrobial use inBelgian broiler production","volume":"105","author":"Persoons","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s40813-016-0028-z","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship between the biosecurity status, production parameters, herd characteristics and antimicrobial usage in farrow-to-finish pig production in four EU countries","volume":"2","author":"Postma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Porcine. Health. Manag"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1637\/9399-052110-Reg.1","article-title":"An economic analysis of the impact of subclinical (mild) necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens","volume":"54","author":"Skinner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avian Dis"},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez570","article-title":"Proper cold stimulationstarting at an earlier age can enhance immunity and improve adaptability to cold stress inbroilers","volume":"99","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"2024040809332579500_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.59807\/jlsar.v4i1.58","article-title":"The effect of using different levels of vitamin E on the antioxidants status of broiler chickens","volume":"4","author":"Zain","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Life Sci. Appl. Res"}],"container-title":["Translational Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txae040\/56994431\/txae040.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txae040\/57179185\/txae040.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txae040\/57179185\/txae040.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T09:34:22Z","timestamp":1712568862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txae040\/7630389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"references-count":46,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tas\/txae040","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-2102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-2102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"article-number":"txae040"}}