{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T10:44:07Z","timestamp":1772880247206,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling is a sensitive method of lipid screening that has the capability to distinguish between different fertility phenotypes in gilts. However, MRM profiling has not yet been utilized to evaluate fertility phenotypes in boars. Markers indicative of fertility status in boars would be valuable as inclusion of subfertile boars in breeding programs results in a loss of efficiency and negative economic consequences. In addition, semen samples for lipidomic analysis are transported in liquid nitrogen or on dry ice to suspend metabolic activity within the sperm cells, however, these cryopreservation techniques are not commonly available at commercial boar studs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a method of sample processing for MRM profiling that suspends metabolic activity within semen without freezing the sample. Five, sexually mature boars of similar genetics enrolled in a commercial breeding program were collected for the study. Following collection, ejaculates were aliquoted into methanol to suspend metabolic activity and shipped to Purdue University overnight for lipid extraction. Lipids were extracted using the Bligh and Dyer method and MRM profiling was used for lipid screening. A total of 329 ion transitions (MRMs) related to lipids were detected with most lipids being characterized as plasma membrane lipids (74%) which were comprised of phosphatidylcholines (40%), ceramides (16%), phosphatidylethanolamines (11%), and phosphatidylserines (7%). acylcarnitines (AC) represented approximately 8% of the ejaculate lipidome. Hierarchical cluster and principal component analysis revealed that boars have a distinct ejaculate lipidome profile based on major plasma membrane lipid classes. In addition, we observed that one boar was unique in his abundance of AC which are related to progressive motility and sperm cell metabolism. These results indicate that this method of sample processing for MRM profiling is suitable to be used to evaluate the lipidome of ejaculates from commercial boars and has the potential for broader applications across different livestock species in commercial environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txae139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,17]],"date-time":"2024-09-17T19:41:34Z","timestamp":1726602094000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adapting lipidomic sample processing methods for boars housed in commercial settings"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9336-4473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayla M","family":"Mills","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) , Beltsville, MD 20705 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M","family":"Minton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AcuFast , Breese, IL 62230 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina R","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolite Profiling Facility, Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University , West Lafayette, IN 47907 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10060231","article-title":"Exploring the lipidome: current lipid extraction techniques for mass spectrometry analysis","volume":"10","author":"Aldana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1139\/y59-099","article-title":"A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification","volume":"37","author":"Bligh","year":"1959","journal-title":"Can. J. Biochem. Physiol"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.07.853","article-title":"Lipidomics of sperm cells of fertile and sub-fertile men by MRM-profiling","volume":"110","author":"Borges","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.7927","article-title":"Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling for biomarker discovery applied to human polycystic ovarian syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.121.000408","article-title":"Acylcarnitines: nomenclature, biomarkers, therapeutic potential, drug targets, and clinical trials","volume":"74","author":"Dambrova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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Sci"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"txaa210","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaa210","article-title":"Evaluation of on-farm indicators of gilt reproductive performance potential at 21 days of age","volume":"4","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Anim Sci"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W398","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae253","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 6.0: towards a unified platform for metabolomics data processing, analysis and interpretation","volume":"52","author":"Pang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3fc1f5fe.1972c438","DOI":"10.7171\/3fc1f5fe.1972c438","article-title":"Step-by-step approach to build multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) profiling instrument acquisition methods for class-based lipid exploratory analysis by mass spectrometry","volume":"34","author":"Reis","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.12997\/jla.2020.9.3.313","article-title":"Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders: laboratory diagnosis, pathogenesis, and the complicated route to treatment","volume":"9","author":"Wanders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Lipid and Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2024102920484016700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R600022-JLR200","article-title":"Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems","volume":"47","author":"Watson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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