{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:36:58Z","timestamp":1789270618895,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>This experiment evaluated the effects of replacing one-third of corn grain in a finishing diet with rye grain (RG) processed using one of three processing methods. Predominately Angus steers (n\u2005=\u2005192, initial shrunk BW\u2005=\u2005410\u2005\u00b1\u200520.9\u00a0kg) were blocked by source and pen location and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: dry-rolled corn (DRC), unprocessed RG (UNP), dry-rolled RG (DRR) and hammer-milled RG (HMR). Steers were fed for a total of 147 d. Pen was the experimental unit (6 pens per treatment, 8 steers per pen), and data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design using three contrasts: grain type [DRC vs. (UNP\u2005+\u2005DRR\u2005+\u2005HMR)], RG processing (UNP vs (DRR\u2005+\u2005HMR), and RG processing method (DRR vs HMR). Processing RG increased (P\u2005=\u20050.02) apparent neutral detergent fiber digestibility (aNDFD). Dry-rolling RG increased digestibility of dry matter and organic matter (P\u2005\u2264\u20050.02) and tended (P\u2005=\u20050.09) to increase starch digestibility compared to HMR. Dry matter intake (DMI) was unaffected by grain type (P\u2005=\u20050.55) and whether RG was processed (P\u2005=\u20050.27), but processing method affected DMI (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01; 11.5 and 12.3\u00a0kg\/d for DRR and HMR, respectively). Grain type did not affect (P\u2005=\u20050.18) gain to feed (G:F). Rye processing tended to increase G:F by 4.4% (P\u2005=\u20050.08), and DRR steers tended to be 4% more efficient than HMR steers (P\u2005=\u20050.10; 0.146 and 0.140, respectively). Observed Net Energy for gain (paNEg) tended to be 3% greater for DRC than steers fed RG (P\u2005=\u20050.09) with RG processing having no effect (P\u2005=\u20050.17). Steers fed DRR tended to have 4.5% greater paNEg than HMR steers (P\u2005=\u20050.06; 1.32 and 1.26 Mcal\/kg, for DRR and HMR, respectively). Rye grain processing tended to decrease dressing percentage (P\u2005=\u20050.07) but no other effects on carcass characteristics or USDA grade distributions were observed (P\u2005\u2265\u20050.24). Liver abscess prevalence was unaffected by grain type (P\u2005=\u20050.81) and whether RG was processed (P\u2005=\u20050.77). However, processing method tended (P\u2005=\u20050.08) to influence liver abscess prevalence (78.4% and 91.8% normal livers for DRR and HMR, respectively). Rye grain effectively replaced one-third of DRC in a finishing diet with minor effects on performance or feed efficiency. Processing RG tended to improve efficiency, and using dry-rolling tended to improve feed efficiency compared to hammer-milling under the conditions of this experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txaf102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:59:10Z","timestamp":1755759550000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effect of processing method of hybrid rye grain on growth performance, dietary net energy utilization, and carcass characteristics of yearling beef steers fed a finishing diet"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Podversich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-9114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren C","family":"Rusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L","family":"Bird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southeast Research Farm, South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station , Beresford, SD 57004 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8804-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary K F","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025090809315732300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1779","article-title":"BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application in ruminants","volume":"87","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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