{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T08:08:56Z","timestamp":1779091736342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008119","name":"Norwegian University of Life Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008119","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In June 2023, an incident at a Norwegian feed mill caused pig feed being over-supplemented with sodium selenite (NaSe), resulting in feed selenium concentrations ranging from 2.47 to 4.70\u2009mg Se\/kg feed from sodium selenite (NaSe), levels exceeding the European Union (EU) regulatory upper limit of total 0.5\u2009mg Se\/kg feed (standardized at 88% DM). The feed containing excessive selenium was unknowingly sent out to production farms. Selenium is an essential trace mineral with a narrow dose range between deficiency and toxicity. The National Research Council (NRC) reports selenium requirements at concentrations of 0.15\u2009mg Se\/kg feed for sows and finishing pigs, and 0.30\u2009mg Se\/kg feed for weanlings, but studies suggest these levels may not always meet requirements in modern swine production systems. This case study aimed to evaluate the effects of excessive dietary selenium intake on reproductive performance in breeding sows and piglet weaning weight. Data were collected from 516 sows (155 TN70 and 361 Landrace sows) across two Norwegian farms between 2022 and 2024, yielding 895 litter records. Mixed effects models were fitted to evaluate nonpregnant outcomes, stillbirths, litter size, and piglet weaning weight. Despite excessive dietary selenium concentrations, no clinical signs of selenosis or adverse reproductive effects were observed. Excessive selenium intake had no significant effect on nonpregnant outcomes, stillbirths, litter size or piglet weaning weight (all P\u2009&amp;gt;\u20090.05). Parity significantly influenced reproductive parameters: higher parity sows showed reduced conception rates (P\u2009=\u20090.008), larger litters (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001), more stillborn piglets (P\u2009=\u20090.033), and higher piglet weaning weights (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). Litter size also significantly affected outcomes, with larger litters producing more stillborn piglets and lower piglet weaning weights (both P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001). The absence of selenium-related effects suggests that, although dietary selenium concentrations exceeded NRC and EU upper limits, the intake remained within a physiologically tolerable range for high-yielding sows and their offspring. These findings highlight the complexity of selenium tolerance for high-yielding breeding sows under modern production systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txag048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:44:34Z","timestamp":1777031074000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Response to excessive selenium intake in the modern sow; a retrospective analysis of a case review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-3969-631X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunniva","family":"Molnes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , \u00c5s, 1430,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0318-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hilde","family":"Vinje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , \u00c5s, 1430,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margareth","family":"Opheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Felleskj\u00f8pet F\u00f4rutvikling , Trondheim, 7018,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erik Georg","family":"Granquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , \u00c5s, 1430,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Nyquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , \u00c5s, 1430,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026051803463695900_txag048-B1","volume-title":"Biochemistry","author":"Abali","year":"2021","edition":"8th ed."},{"key":"2026051803463695900_txag048-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.7704","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for selenium","author":"EFSA NDA Panel (EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens)","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"2026051803463695900_txag048-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2007.01300.x","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to oxidative damage as a cost of accelerated somatic growth in zebra finches","volume":"21","author":"Alonso-Alvarez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Funct. 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Effect on antioxidant status and reproductive performance in multiparous sows","volume":"221","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol"},{"key":"2026051803463695900_txag048-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011850","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850","article-title":"Selenium supplementation and pregnancy outcomes","volume":"9","author":"Dahlen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nutr"},{"key":"2026051803463695900_txag048-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.01.020","article-title":"The influence of selenium and selenoproteins on immune responses of poultry and pigs","volume":"238","author":"Dalgaard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. 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