{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T16:09:01Z","timestamp":1779379741033,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":124,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the inclusion of a rumen-protected carbohydrate (RPC) on growth performance and plasma metabolites in growing beef heifers. Crossbred heifers (n\u2009=\u2009135; 136\u2009\u00b1\u200914\u2009kg) were used in a 63-d experiment. Heifers were blocked by initial body weight (BW), placed into 15 pens (9 heifers\/pen), and assigned randomly to 1 of 3 treatments 0, 0.5, and 1.0% of RPC. Animals were fed 82.3% of a basal diet (38.8% corn silage, 41.5% dry rolled corn, 2% mineral-vitamin premix on a dry matter basis) and 17.7% supplement. The non-processed supplement or RPC supplement composition (DM basis) were 58.1% soybean meal, 38.9% soluble carbohydrates, 2% urea, and 1% mineral salt. The non-processed supplement or RPC supplement consisted of the same ingredients, differing in the processing of the carbohydrate (i.e., protected or not from ruminal degradation). For the 0, 0.5, and 1% RPC treatments, the ratio of supplement to RPC was 1:0, 1:1, and 0:1, respectively. Body weight was measured on d 0, 21, 42, and 63. Pen dry matter intake (DMI) was measured weekly from d 7 to 63. Back fat on the 12th rib (BF) was measured at d -21 and 63. Blood samples were taken on d -21, 21, 42, and 63 from jugular vein prior morning feeding and analyzed for blood glucose concentration and plasma insulin, urea, and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with repeated measures using a mixed model of SAS (9.4). Treatment\u2009\u00d7\u2009day interaction (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.02) was observed for DMI, ADG, and G: F. Heifers on treatment RPC0.5 had the least DMI (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05) and the greatest G: F (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.05). No differences (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.34) were observed in the concentrations of blood glucose, plasma insulin, plasma NEFA, plasma urea, or BF on d 63. Feeding 8.85% of RPC (treatment RPC0.5) improved G: F through lesser DMI without altering ADG, blood, or plasma metabolites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txag056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T12:28:00Z","timestamp":1777638480000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of feeding increasing concentrations of rumen-protected carbohydrate on the growth performance and blood and plasma metabolites of receiving feedlot heifers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"J P","family":"Russi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RUPCA LLC , CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"DiLorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Florida, North Florida Research and Education Center , Mariana, FL,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1288-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro E","family":"Relling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University , Wooster, OH, 44691,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3317","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-1779","article-title":"Board-invited review: the hepatic oxidation theory of the control of feed intake and its application to ruminants","volume":"87","author":"Allen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B2","first-page":"16th","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis","author":"AOAC","year":"1997"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19850104","article-title":"The effect of intragastric infusion of glucose, lipids or acetate on fasting nitrogen excression and blood metabolites in sheep","volume":"54","author":"Asplund","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-557","article-title":"Excess amino acid supply improves methionine and leucine utilization by growing steers","volume":"84","author":"Awawdeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/s0093-691x(01)00547-7","article-title":"Metabolic cues for puberty onset in free grazing Holstein heifers naturally infected with nematodes","volume":"56","author":"D\u00edaz-Torga","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B6","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of agricultural animals in agricultural research and teaching. Fed. Anim. Sci. Soc","author":"FASS","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7361585x","article-title":"Effects of protein concentration and protein source on performance of newly arrived feedlot steers","volume":"73","author":"Fluharty","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.743504x","article-title":"Effects of dietary energy source and level on performance of newly arrived feedlot calves","volume":"74","author":"Fluharty","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.7492129x","article-title":"Effect of protein and protein-free energy intake on protein and fat deposition rates in preruminant calves of 80 to 240 kg live weight","volume":"74","author":"Gerrits","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-8401(95)00804-V","article-title":"Maillard reaction products as a substrate in in vitro rumen fermentation","volume":"55","author":"Kostyukovsky","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Tech"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1079\/bjn19950079","article-title":"Abomasal glucose, maize starch and maize dextrin infusions in cattle: small-intestinal disappearance, net portal glucose flux and ileal oligosaccharide flow","volume":"73","author":"Kreikemeier","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2008-1453","article-title":"Effect of abomasal glucose infusion on splanchnic and whole-body glucose metabolism in periparturient dairy cows","volume":"92","author":"Larsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7451","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18151","article-title":"Energetic metabolism, milk production, and inflammatory response of transition dairy cows fed rumen-protected glucose","volume":"103","author":"McCarthy","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-9912","article-title":"Glucose supplementation stimulates peripheral branched-chain amino acid catabolism in lactating dairy cows during essential amino acid infusions","volume":"99","author":"Nichols","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B15","volume-title":"Nutrient requirements of beef cattle","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM)","year":"2016","edition":"8th"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114599000677","article-title":"Effects of glucose supply on fasting nitrogen excretion and effect of level and type of volatile fatty acid on response to protein infusion in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Orskov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E133","DOI":"10.2527\/2003.8114_suppl_2E133x","article-title":"Controlling variation in feed intake through bunk management","volume":"81","author":"Pritchard","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2008.01.005","article-title":"Abomasal infusion of casein, starch and soybean oil differentially affect plasma concentrations of gut peptides and feed intake in lactating dairy cows","volume":"35","author":"Relling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Domest. Anim. Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B19","article-title":"Evaluation of a rumen protected carbohydrate supplement prototype feed with fresh lactation dairy cows","volume":"94","author":"Russi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txy122","article-title":"Effects of rumen-protected carbohydrate supplementation on performance and blood metabolites in feedlot finishing steers during heat stress","volume":"3","author":"Russi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8461497x","article-title":"Effects of energy level on methionine utilization by growing steers","volume":"84","author":"Schroeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.2527\/2006.8461505x","article-title":"Effects of energy source on methionine utilization by growing steers","volume":"84","author":"Schroeder","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-789","article-title":"Effects of energy supply on leucine utilization by growing steers at two body weights","volume":"85","author":"Schroeder","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/114.4.792","article-title":"Relative contributions of acetate, lactate and glucose to lipogenesis in bovine intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose tissue","volume":"114","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996547.0329","volume-title":"Amino acids in animal nutrition","author":"Titgemeyer","year":"2003","edition":"2nd"},{"key":"2026052111514781400_txag056-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.7591\/9781501732355","volume-title":"Nutritional ecology of the ruminant","author":"Van Soest","year":"1994","edition":"2nd"}],"container-title":["Translational Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag056\/68210503\/txag056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag056\/68210503\/txag056.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag056\/68210503\/txag056.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T15:51:53Z","timestamp":1779378713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag056\/8667294"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":26,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tas\/txag056","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-2102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-2102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"txag056"}}