{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T14:29:02Z","timestamp":1788791342109,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":222,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TechMix Global, LLC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Heat stress (HS) impairs lactating sows\u2019 ability to provide adequate nutrition for their litters, prompting the development of management practices and new housing systems to alleviate its effects. However, few have investigated materials used in farrowing crate construction and their influence on sows\u2019 ability to remain euthermic. Therefore, the study objective was to assess the association of metal (MTL) versus plastic (PLS) crate flooring with sow euthermia and litter performance under natural summer HS conditions. Landrace x Large White lactating sows and their litters (N\u2009=\u200923) were housed in individual crates in a single barn containing one room with MTL (n\u2009=\u200912) and one room with PLS (n\u2009=\u200911). Temperature and relative humidity were measured in 5\u2009min intervals and were similar between the MTL (25.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8\u00b0C and 88.0\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9%, respectively) and PLS (25.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9\u00b0C and 86.2\u2009\u00b1\u20096.2%, respectively) rooms. All sows were provided ad libitum feed and water and piglets were cross fostered to standardize litter sizes (12.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 piglets\/litter). Sow vaginal temperature (TV) was assessed in 10\u2009min intervals daily, and respiration rate (RR; breaths per minute [bpm]) and ear, shoulder, rump, and tail skin temperatures were measured at 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000\u2009h daily during the last 7 d of lactation. Sow average daily feed intake (ADFI) was measured weekly and litter weights were determined on d 1, 7, 14, and at weaning (d 19.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.8) to assess average daily gain. Piglet mortality was monitored starting at d 2 of lactation immediately post-crossfostering and continued throughout the trial. The sow was considered the experimental unit for sow-based measures, and litter was considered the experimental unit for litter-based measures. Parity was similar (P\u2009=\u20090.60) between MTL (2.25\u2009\u00b1\u20090.86) and PLS (2.88\u2009\u00b1\u20090.90) sows. Sow ADFI was increased (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 0.98\u2009kg\/d) for MTL versus PLS sows. Greater TV (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 0.08\u00b0C) was detected for MTL versus PLS sows. Respiration rate was increased (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 10 bpm) at 2000\u2009h for MTL versus PLS sows. Ear and shoulder skin temperatures were greater (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01; 0.34 and 0.65\u00b0C, respectively) in MTL versus PLS sows. Average daily gain was similar (P\u2009=\u20090.55; 249.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.6\u2009g\/d) for MTL and PLS litters. Mortality was greater overall (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) for PLS (20.25\u2009\u00b1\u20095.14%) versus MTL (10.77\u2009\u00b1\u20095.44%) litters. In summary, MTL increased sow ADFI which may have influenced TV, RR, and skin temperatures, and was associated with lower pre-weaning mortality in litters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txag123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:35:07Z","timestamp":1786448107000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Material consequences: an initial assessment of the influence of flooring type on lactating sow thermoregulation in summer heat"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-4142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay S","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Rodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn R","family":"Sullivan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carley","family":"Hopkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri , Columbia, MO 65211,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090709471732800_txag123-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1142\/3507","volume-title":"Physiology and pathophysiology of temperature regulation","author":"Blatteis","year":"1998"},{"key":"2026090709471732800_txag123-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"skaf205","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skaf205","article-title":"Phenotypic assessment of F0 generation lactating sows genomically selected for heat stress tolerance","volume":"103","author":"Byrd","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. 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