{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:08:43Z","timestamp":1792786123458,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\u201367023-40296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\u201367023-40296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"South Dakota State University Experiment Station","award":["HATCH- SD00H690-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HATCH- SD00H690-19"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015jmes13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beef Nutrition Program at South Dakota State University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015jmes13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feed restriction and implant timing on growth and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers. Charolais cross steers (n\u2009=\u2009232; initial shrunk body weight [SBW]\u2009=\u2009478\u2009\u00b1\u200927.4\u2009kg) were allocated into 24 open dirt lot pens (8 steers\/pen) and 8 partially covered pens (5 steers\/pen). Pens were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a 2\u2009\u00d7\u20092 factorial arrangement of implant and diet strategy. Implant treatments consisted of administration of 200\u2009mg trenbolone acetate and 20\u2009mg estradiol\u201417\u03b2 (Revalor 200; Merck Animal Health, Rahway, NJ) on d-1 (INI) or d-64 (DEL). Diet treatments were ad libitum feeding throughout the feeding period (ADL) or restriction to 92% of ad libitum for 63 d, followed by ad libitum feeding (RES). The RES pens were offered 92% of the intake of the ADL pens within the same implant strategy and block. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4, with the GLIMMIX procedure used for categorical distributions. Diet, implant strategy, and their interaction were fixed effects, and block was the random effect. There was only one interaction effect (P\u2009=\u20090.04) of gain to feed (G: F) from d 64 to 85. From d 1 to 63, dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) were greater for the INI and ADL groups (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01) while G: F was only greater in the INI group (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). By d 64, SBW was greater in the INI and ADL groups (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). During d 64 to 142, DMI did not differ between treatments (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.23), however, DMI as a percentage of BW was greater for RES (P\u2009=\u20090.05). The DEL group had greater ADG and G: F (P\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.01). Cumulatively, DMI was greater in the INI and ADL groups (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.03) but final BW, ADG, and G: F did not differ between the implant or feeding management treatments (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.12). Carcass-adjusted final BW (HCW\/0.625) and ADG were also similar between treatments (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.66), while G: F was only greater in the DEL group (P\u2009=\u20090.04). Hot carcass weight and marbling score did not differ (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.43). Rib fat was greater in the INI group while ribeye area was greater in the DEL group (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.01). Performance calculated energetics did not differ (P\u2009\u2265\u20090.10). Yield grade distribution shifted towards more Yield Grades 1 and 2 in the DEL group (P\u2009=\u20090.02). Restricting feed intake during the initial 63-d resulted in reduced DMI but similar final SBW and HCW. Delaying implanting had similar results, however rib fat was decreased, and ribeye area was increased.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tas\/txag146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:53:13Z","timestamp":1790164393000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The effect of limit feeding and delaying implanting until d-64 of the finishing period on growth performance and carcass characteristics of backgrounded beef steers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Justin J","family":"Delver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Podversich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C B","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4042-9114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Warren C","family":"Rusche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale A","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Logan R","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K C","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University , Manhattan, KS 66506,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Ritten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CSU AgNext, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO 80523,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8804-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary K F","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD 57007,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B1","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC","year":"2012","edition":"19th ed"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B2","volume-title":"Official methods of analysis of AOAC International","author":"AOAC","year":"2016","edition":"20th ed."},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30312-0","article-title":"Effect of age entering feedlot and implant regimen on beef cattle performance, carcass characteristics, and sensory evaluation","volume":"28","author":"Barham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.2527\/1992.7051326x","article-title":"Trenbolone acetate\/estradiol combinations in feedlot steers: dose-response and implant carrier effects2","volume":"70","author":"Bartle","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4037","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3219","article-title":"Association of liver abnormalities with carcass grading performance and value","volume":"88","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2006.04.025","article-title":"Heat stress risk factors of feedlot heifers","volume":"105","author":"Brown-Brandl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Livest. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.2527\/2005.831108x","article-title":"The effect of stage of growth and implant exposure on performance and carcass composition in steers1","volume":"83","author":"Bruns","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae234.412","article-title":"256 Evaluating the effect limit feeding yearling beef steers for 56 or 86 d of a 140-d finishing period on growth performance and carcass trait responses","volume":"102","author":"Delver","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Anim Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)31715-0","article-title":"Review: restricted and programmed feeding of beef cattle\u2014definitions, application, and research results","volume":"15","author":"Galyean","year":"1999","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B10","volume-title":"Forage fiber analyses (apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications)","author":"Goering","year":"1970"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)30695-1","article-title":"The effect of delaying initial feedlot implant on body weight, average daily gain, and carcass characteristics of calf-fed steers","volume":"25","author":"Griffin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.2527\/2002.8071791x","article-title":"The effects of implant strategy on finished body weight of beef cattle","volume":"80","author":"Guiroy","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/ansci\/68.1.233","article-title":"Effects of controlled feed intake on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot steers and heifers","volume":"68","author":"Hicks","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B14","author":"Holt","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2527\/1996.742363x","article-title":"Effect of a combined trenbolone acetate and estradiol implant on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and carcass composition of feedlot steers","volume":"74","author":"Johnson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.15232\/aas.2021-02218","article-title":"Effects of feeding duration, implant dose, and terminal window duration on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedyard steers and heifers","volume":"38","author":"Kayser","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3094","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.75123094x","article-title":"Effects of programmed gain strategies on performance and carcass characteristics of steers","volume":"75","author":"Knoblich","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.762371x","article-title":"Effects of programming intake on performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle","volume":"76","author":"Loerch","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1968.273793x","article-title":"A system for expressing net energy requirements and feed values for growing and finishing beef cattle","volume":"27","author":"Lofgreen","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2586","article-title":"A comprehensive index for assessing environmental stress in animals1","volume":"88","author":"Mader","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.2527\/1994.7292497x","article-title":"Effects of restricted feeding of growing steers on performance, carcass characteristics, and composition","volume":"72","author":"Murphy","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B21","author":"NASEM","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(99)00012-5","article-title":"Hormone containing growth promoting implants in farmed livestock","volume":"38","author":"Preston","year":"1999","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B23","author":"Preston","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.2527\/1997.7551229x","article-title":"Visceral organ mass and cellularity in growth-restricted and refed beef steers","volume":"75","author":"Sainz","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.15232\/S1080-7446(15)31292-4","article-title":"Effects of delaying implant and programmed rate of gain on performance and carcass characteristics of yearling beef steers","volume":"20","author":"Scaglia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prof. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/09712119.2020.1751642","article-title":"Mechanisms of steroidal implants to improve beef cattle growth: a review","volume":"48","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anim. Res"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B27","author":"South Dakota State University","year":"2026"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1987.651256x","article-title":"Influence of lasalocid and monensin plus tylosin on comparative feeding value of steam-flaked versus dry-rolled corn in diets for feedlot cattle","volume":"65","author":"Zinn","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"},{"key":"2026102014063242000_txag146-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.2527\/1998.7651280x","article-title":"An evaluation of ruminally degradable intake protein and metabolizable amino acid requirements of feedlot calves","volume":"76","author":"Zinn","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci"}],"container-title":["Translational Animal Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag146\/71384707\/txag146.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag146\/71384707\/txag146.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag146\/71384707\/txag146.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:06:40Z","timestamp":1792519600000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tas\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tas\/txag146\/8834173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"references-count":30,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tas\/txag146","relation":{},"ISSN":["2573-2102"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2573-2102","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"article-number":"txag146"}}