{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:21:11Z","timestamp":1791667271733,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>On December 21, 2020, a study was conducted to investigate a range of psychosocial health constructs and demographic variables potentially associated with intentions toward accepting or forgoing the coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccine.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The goal of the study was to identify predictors of forgoing COVID-19 vaccination at the time of the initial rollout.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A cross-sectional, representative online survey of 350 U.S. residents was conducted using the online crowdsourcing site Prolific to assess vaccine intentions, health attitudes, and demographic information. Variables examined included demographic factors and health constructs corresponding to each of the elements of the health belief model (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, barriers, and cues to action), the theory of planned behavior (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control), attitudes toward vaccines in general, and trust in the COVID-19 vaccine approval process.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After using hierarchical linear regression to control for demographics, the health constructs uniquely associated with the likelihood to forgo vaccination were perceived barriers, general attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine, subjective norms, and trust in the vaccine approval process. Significant demographic predictors of vaccine reluctance included being female, politically conservative, and more religious.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The current research identified three demographic factors and four health constructs uniquely associated with vaccine acceptance. These findings reveal that the constructs contained within the health belief model and theory of planned behavior can be used to predict COVID-19 vaccination intentions, and can be supplemented with an assessment of general vaccine attitudes and attitudes toward the vaccine approval process.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibab102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T18:50:04Z","timestamp":1626979804000},"page":"1782-1788","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Predictors of COVID-19 vaccine intentions in the United States: the role of psychosocial health constructs and demographic factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Michael B","family":"Berg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Wheaton College, Norton, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emmanuel College, Boston, MA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0001","author":"Gallop.","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0002","volume-title":"Poll: Americans are Growing Less Reluctant to Take COVID-19 Vaccine","author":"Dwyer","year":"2020"},{"key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-00728-2","article-title":"Five reasons why COVID herd immunity is probably impossible","author":"Aschwanden","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818401100101","article-title":"The health belief model: a decade later","volume":"11","author":"Janz","year":"1984","journal-title":"Health Educ Q."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-5978(91)90020-T","article-title":"The theory of planned behavior","volume":"50","author":"Ajzen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ Behav Hum Decis Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/21642850.2018.1505519","article-title":"Behavioral determinants for vaccine acceptability among rurally located college students","volume":"6","author":"Britt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health Psychol Behav Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021100715320497500_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2017.1401623","article-title":"How can the health belief model and self-determination theory predict both influenza vaccination and vaccination intention ? 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