{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T07:44:01Z","timestamp":1776411841339,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Evaluating the presence of behavior change techniques (BCTs) in mHealth apps could be used to better understand what \u201cactive ingredients\u201d contribute to outcomes. Despite the early onset of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and the increasing use of mobile apps to seek mental healthcare among young people, BCTs underpinning mHealth apps targeting AN have never been systematically examined. This review systematically identified and analyzed BCTs underpinning apps targeted at reducing AN in young people in an attempt to understand their active components. Apps were searched and screened in Apple Store and Google Play. Six apps that met the inclusion criteria and were coded by trained researchers against the BCT Taxonomy V1. Overall, 22 of 93 possible BCTs were identified. The most common were \u201cInformation about health consequences,\u201d \u201cSocial support (unspecified),\u201d and \u201cInformation about antecedents\u201d. Identified BCTs suggested potential overlaps with traditional clinical treatments for AN, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and family-based therapy. Further investigation is required to evaluate the apps\u2019 usability and effectiveness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibad003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T18:57:05Z","timestamp":1675882625000},"page":"406-417","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Apps targeting anorexia nervosa in young people: a systematic review of active ingredients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Clara P","family":"Chiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London (UCL) , London , UK"},{"name":"Education & Training, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families , London , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4948-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London (UCL) , London , UK"},{"name":"Evidence Based Practice Unit, UCL and the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families (AFNCCF) , London , UK"},{"name":"Research Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London , London WC1E 7HB , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Panagiotopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London (UCL) , London , UK"},{"name":"Education & Training, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families , London , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0001","author":"Single Care.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and \u00adStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition [DSM-V]","author":"American Psychiatric Association [APA].","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0003","author":"Mayo Clinic.","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0004","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07060951","article-title":"Diagnostic crossover in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: implications for DSM-V","volume":"165","author":"Eddy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.74","article-title":"Mortality rates in patients with anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders: a meta-analysis of 36 studies","volume":"68","author":"Arcelus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.02.048","article-title":"Eating disorders: what age at onset?","volume":"238","author":"Volpe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002646","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002646","article-title":"The incidence of eating disorder in the UK in 2000-2009: findings from the general practice research database","volume":"3","author":"Micali","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0009","first-page":"30","article-title":"Medical complications with anorexia nervosa and bulimia","volume-title":"Am J Med.","author":"Westmoreland","year":"2016"},{"issue":"14","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1803175","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa","volume":"382","author":"Mitchell","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0011","article-title":"Spotlight on eating disorders. Behavioural Health News.","author":"Insel","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cppeds.2017.02.003","article-title":"Anorexia nervosa\/ atypical anorexia nervosa","volume":"47","author":"Moskowitz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0013","author":"National Health Service (NHS).","year":"2018"},{"issue":"42","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0014","article-title":"A conceptual comparison of family-based treatment and enhanced cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of adolescents with eating disorders","volume":"7","author":"Grave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0015","author":"Mayo Clinic.","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-287","article-title":"A multi-centre cohort study of short term outcomes of hospital treatment for anorexia nervosa in the UK","volume":"13","author":"Goddard","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-017-0145-3","article-title":"What happens after treatment? A systematic review of relapse, remission, and recovery in anorexia nervosa","volume":"5","author":"Khalsa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Eating Disorders."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.02273","article-title":"The egosyntonic nature of anorexia: an impediment to recovery in anorexia nervosa treatment","volume":"8","author":"Gregertsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.1097","article-title":"Reluctance to recover in anorexia nervosa","volume":"20","author":"Nordb\u00f8","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20755","article-title":"A qualitative study of perceived social barriers to care for eating disorders: perspectives from ethnically diverse health care consumers","volume":"43","author":"Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Eating Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2007.11.020","article-title":"Treatment of anorexia nervosa: insights and obstacles","volume":"94","author":"Guarda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiology & Behaviour"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0022","author":"Walden behavioural care.","year":"2017"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-292","article-title":"Perplexities of treatment resistance in eating disorders","volume":"13","author":"Halmi","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"294","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0024","article-title":"Resistance to treatment and change in anorexia nervosa: a clinical overview","volume":"13","author":"Abbate-Daga","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2005.00465.x","article-title":"Pro-anorexia, weight-loss drugs and the internet: an \u201canti-recovery\u201d explanatory model of anorexia","volume":"27","author":"Fox","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sociology of Health & Illness."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01983.x","article-title":"Perplexities and provocations of eating disorders","volume":"50","author":"Halmi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2015.1101422","article-title":"\u201cYou don\u2019t have anorexia, you just want to look like a celebrity\u201d: perceived stigma in individuals with anorexia nervosa","volume":"25","author":"Dimitropoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230600902559","article-title":"Stigma and eating disorders: is there evidence of negative attitudes towards anorexia nervosa among women in the community?","volume":"15","author":"Mond","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201100050","article-title":"Clinician reactions to patients with eating disorders: a review of the literature","volume":"63","author":"Thompson-Brenner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.3109\/00048679209072067","article-title":"Attitudes of medical professionals towards patients with eating disorders","volume":"26","author":"Fleming","year":"1992","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20056","article-title":"Perceptions of illness in individuals with anorexia nervosa: a comparison with lay men and women","volume":"37","author":"Holliday","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Eating Disord."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-006-9091-0","article-title":"Factors that influence mental health stigma among 8th grade adolescents","volume":"36","author":"Chandra","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/papt.12198","article-title":"Experiences of shame and guilt in anorexia and bulimia nervosa: a systematic review","volume":"93","author":"Blythin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychol Psychother: Theory Res Practice"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0034","author":"World Health Organisation [WHO].","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0035","author":"Statista.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0036","author":"Research 2 Guidance.","year":"2017"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.1475","article-title":"Community attitudes to the appropriation of mobile phones for monitoring and managing depression, anxiety, and stress","volume":"12","author":"Proudfoot","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0429-6","article-title":"Social influences on seeking help from mental health services, in-person and online, during adolescence and young adulthood","volume":"15","author":"Rickwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.12.006","article-title":"Mental health of young people in the United States: what roles can the internet play in reducing stigma and promoting help seeking?","volume":"45","author":"Burns","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27882","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.27882","article-title":"Mobile mental health: a challenging research agenda","volume":"6","author":"Olff","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2609","article-title":"A systematic review of mHealth interventions for the support of eating disorders","volume":"26","author":"Anastasiadou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disord Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1080\/21662630.2014.938089","article-title":"How smartphone applications may be implemented in the treatment of eating disorders: case reports and case series data","volume":"2","author":"Darcy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advancesin Eating Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2327","article-title":"Review of smartphone applications for the treatment of eating disorders","volume":"23","author":"Juarascio","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Eating Disorder Review"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-019-0206-x","article-title":"What is the clinical value of mHealth for patients?","volume":"3","author":"Rowland","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0045","first-page":"e167","article-title":"Behaviour change techniques in mHealth apps for mental and psychical health employees: systematic assessment","volume":"6","author":"de Korte","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","article-title":"The behavioural change taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for reporting of behaviour change interventions","volume":"46","author":"Michie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Behavioural Medicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2010.540664","article-title":"A refined taxonomy of behaviour change techniques to help people change their physical activity and healthy eating behaviours: the CALO-RE taxonomy","volume":"26","author":"Michie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychology & Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.3.379","article-title":"A taxonomy of behavior change techniques used in interventions","volume":"27","author":"Abraham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Health Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2019.1624509","article-title":"How do we target the factors that maintain anorexia nervosa? A behaviour change taxonomical analysis","volume":"31","author":"Leonidas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Rev Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibaa131","article-title":"Behavior change techniques in mobile apps targeting self-harm in young people: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Panagiotopoulou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans Behav Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e118","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4060","article-title":"Behavior change techniques in popular alcohol reduction apps: content analysis","volume":"17","author":"Crane","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res."},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0052","author":"Statista.","year":"2021"},{"key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0053","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(98)00102-8","article-title":"A cognitive behavioural theory of anorexia nervosa","volume":"37","author":"Fairburn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867419876700","article-title":"Clinical or gimmickal: the use and effectiveness of mobile mental health apps for treating anxiety and depression","volume":"54","author":"Marshall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023060917465587200_CIT0056","first-page":"e864","article-title":"How to conduct a systematic review: a narrative literature review","volume":"8","author":"Jahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cereus"}],"container-title":["Translational Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/406\/50563019\/ibad003.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article-pdf\/13\/6\/406\/50563019\/ibad003.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T17:47:33Z","timestamp":1686332853000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article\/13\/6\/406\/7031736"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibad003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1869-6716","1613-9860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1869-6716","type":"print"},{"value":"1613-9860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]}}}