{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T02:17:41Z","timestamp":1768357061667,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Public health policies are crucial for shaping public health practices and promoting healthier lifestyles; however, successful implementation and widespread adoption of these policies largely depend on their public acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to understand the public acceptability of tax, nudge (design, size, and availability), and health education policies targeting health behavior change including reducing tobacco use, alcohol consumption, snack consumption, beverage consumption, and increasing physical activity among Chinese citizens, along with the factors that influence public acceptability of different public health policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cross-sectional study was conducted in the WJX online platform between January and March 2024, involving 2409 participants who were randomly assigned to 23 groups. Besides the demographics, the policy acceptability, perceived policy effectiveness, engagement in health behaviors, and social value orientation were also assessed. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were used to examine differences in policy acceptability across various policies and behaviors. The t-tests and ANOVA analyses were conducted to compare policy acceptability among participants with different characteristics. Multiple linear regression was performed to reveal the impact of strategies used, perceived effectiveness, social value orientation, and socioeconomic status on policy acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The overall policy acceptability rate was 79.1%. \u201cDesign\u201d strategies achieved the highest acceptability (86.8%), followed by health education (82.0%). Tax policies had the lowest acceptability (71.0%). Policies targeting smoking (83.7%) and physical activity (85.8%) were highly accepted. Smokers showed lower acceptability for policies to control smoking compared to non-smokers (75.9% vs. 85.7%, P\u2009=\u2009.015). Individuals who rarely exercise had lower acceptability for policies to promote physical activity compared to those who were physically active (77.1% vs. 88.3%, P\u2009=\u2009.019). Those with a stronger \u201cproself\u201d orientation or higher socioeconomic status tended to report lower acceptability of public health policies to promote healthy eating.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Integrating traditional education with tailored nudges could be an effective public health promotion strategy in China. Future pilot programs leveraging these findings could enhance the public acceptability of such policies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibaf034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T07:23:30Z","timestamp":1750058610000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Public acceptability of tax, nudge, and health education policies targeting health behavior change in China"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Qiumian","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and the Center for Clinical Statistics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and the Center for Clinical Statistics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yichen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and the Center for Clinical Statistics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-467X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine School of Public Health and the Center for Clinical Statistics of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou 310058,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2942","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20443-7","article-title":"Association between healthy lifestyle on life course and multimorbidity in adults: results from two national prospective cohort studies","volume":"24","author":"Ye","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000003270","article-title":"Burden of non-communicable diseases in China and its provinces, 1990\u20132021: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"137","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B3","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B4","volume-title":"Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of \u201cThree Reduction and Three Health\u201d in Three Cities of Hebei Province","author":"Liang","year":"2019"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.4081\/jphr.2012.e5","article-title":"Label, nudge or tax? A review of health policies for risky behaviours","volume":"1","author":"Galizzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Public Health Res"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4497-z","article-title":"Policy lessons from health taxes: a systematic review of empirical studies","volume":"17","author":"Wright","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15966","article-title":"Prices, taxes and alcohol use: a systematic umbrella review","volume":"117","author":"Guindon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B8","author":"Thaler","year":"2008."},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3272-x","article-title":"The efficacy of nudge theory strategies in influencing adult dietary behaviour: a systematic review and meta-\u00adanalysis","volume":"16","author":"Arno","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2107346118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2107346118","article-title":"The effectiveness of nudging: a meta-analysis of choice architecture interventions across behavioral domains","volume":"119","author":"Mertens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011045","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011045.pub2","article-title":"Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco","volume":"2015","author":"Hollands","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.06.019","article-title":"Sugar-sweetened beverage health warnings and purchases: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"57","author":"Grummon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kaaa011","article-title":"Health warnings and beverage purchase behavior: mediators of impact","volume":"54","author":"Grummon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.09.006","article-title":"Designing effective alcohol warnings: consumer reactions to icons and health topics","volume":"64","author":"Grummon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i69","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2010.036483","article-title":"Perceptions of tobacco health warnings in China compared with picture and text-only health warnings from other countries: an experimental study","volume":"19 Suppl 2","author":"Fong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00942-7","article-title":"Choice architecture interventions to change physical activity and sedentary behavior: a systematic review of effects on intention, behavior and health outcomes during and after intervention","volume":"17","author":"Landais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117117694284","article-title":"Promoting stair climbing in a worksite and public setting: are footprints enough?","volume":"32","author":"Van Hoecke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/978-90-481-2593-7_10","volume-title":"Preference Change: Approaches From Philosophy, Economics and Psychology","author":"Bovens","year":"2009"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1867299X00002762","article-title":"Nudge and the manipulation of choice a framework for the responsible use of the nudge approach to behaviour change in public policy","volume":"4","author":"Hansen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Risk Regul"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.15171\/ijhpm.2018.30","article-title":"Tapping the power of soda taxes: a call for multidisciplinary research and broad-based advocacy coalitions\u2014a response to the recent commentaries","volume":"7","author":"Roache","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Health Policy Manag"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socec.2019.03.005","article-title":"How effective is nudging? A quantitative review on the effect sizes and limits of empirical nudging studies","volume":"80","author":"Hummel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Behav Exp Econ"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv32","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckac053","article-title":"Acceptability of policies targeting dietary behaviours and physical activity: a systematic review of tools and outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Scheidmeir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgae422","article-title":"Choice architecture promotes sustainable choices in online food-delivery apps","volume":"3","author":"Lohmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0155995","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155995","article-title":"Public acceptability in the UK and USA of nudging to reduce obesity: the example of reducing sugar-sweetened beverages consumption","volume":"11","author":"Petrescu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/rego.12161","article-title":"A worldwide consensus on nudging? Not quite, but almost","volume":"12","author":"Sunstein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Regul Gov"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-756","article-title":"Public acceptability of government intervention to change health-related behaviours: a systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"13","author":"Diepeveen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1017\/bpp.2024.10","article-title":"The acceptability of behavioural interventions in financial decision-making","volume":"8","author":"de Jonge","year":"2024","journal-title":"Behav Public Policy"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112395","article-title":"Public acceptability of nudging and taxing to reduce consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and food: a population-based survey experiment","volume":"236","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7842","DOI":"10.3390\/nu7095370","article-title":"Consumer acceptance of population-level intervention strategies for healthy food choices: the role of perceived effectiveness and perceived fairness","volume":"7","author":"Bos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1017\/s1930297500007592","article-title":"American attitudes toward nudges","volume":"11","author":"Jung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Judgm Decis Mak"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.29152\/KOIKS.2021.52.2.285","article-title":"A social dilemma of the nuclear energy issue in South Korea: how social value orientation and trust in nuclear energy control affect individuals\u2019 behavioral intentions","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korea Obs"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.05.010","article-title":"Public acceptability of population-level interventions to reduce alcohol consumption: a discrete choice experiment","volume":"113","author":"Pechey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2018.09.037","article-title":"Communicating quantitative evidence of policy effectiveness and support for the policy: three experimental studies","volume":"218","author":"Reynolds","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2011.07.015","article-title":"Social norms and diet in adolescents","volume":"57","author":"Lally","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2006.05.003","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of IPAQ (short, last 7 days)","volume":"10","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1017\/s1930297500004204","article-title":"Measuring social value orientation","volume":"6","author":"Murphy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Judgm Decis Mak"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1080\/13501763.2018.1531912","article-title":"Trusting nudges? Lessons from an international survey","volume":"26","author":"Sunstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Public Policy"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare12040476","article-title":"Exploring the viability and acceptance of nudge in public policies for health promotion","volume":"12","author":"Forte","year":"2024","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1287\/orsc.2.1.125","article-title":"Bounded rationality and organizational learning","volume":"2","author":"Simon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Organ Scoi"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15725","article-title":"Strategies to enhance the effects of pictorial warnings for cigarettes: results from a discrete choice experiment","volume":"117","author":"Thrasher","year":"2022","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckv077","article-title":"Public attitudes towards pricing policies to change health-related behaviours: a UK focus group study","volume":"25","author":"Somerville","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B42","volume-title":"Research on Effect of Availability on Alcohol Consumption: A Case Study of Belarus","author":"Liao","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B43","first-page":"3","article-title":"Stevia:: non-caloric natural sweetener","volume":"10","author":"Santini","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Nutr"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044042000196737","article-title":"Compensatory health beliefs: scale development and psychometric properties","volume":"19","author":"Kn\u00e4uper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B45","first-page":"123","article-title":"Dynamic shifts in Chinese eating behaviors","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibae024","article-title":"How do behavioral public policy experts see the role of complex systems perspectives? An expert interview study","volume":"14","author":"Puukko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B47","author":"Kahneman","journal-title":"Thinking, Fast and Slow."},{"key":"2026011313034600200_ibaf034-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0260531","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260531","article-title":"Who accepts nudges? nudge acceptability from a self-regulation perspective","volume":"16","author":"van Gestel","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Translational Behavioral Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article-pdf\/15\/1\/ibaf034\/64039231\/ibaf034.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article-pdf\/15\/1\/ibaf034\/64039231\/ibaf034.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T18:03:53Z","timestamp":1768327433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/tbm\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibaf034\/8233974"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/tbm\/ibaf034","relation":{},"ISSN":["1613-9860"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1613-9860","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"ibaf034"}}