{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:36:30Z","timestamp":1792794990528,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":232,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Foundation for Excellence in Biomedical Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31003A_170037"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31003A_170037"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["670757"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["670757"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["679175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["679175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Contrat Doctoral Specifique pour Normaliens"},{"name":"The Clinical Research Priority Program of the University of Zurich","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neuronal circuits of the spinal dorsal horn integrate sensory information from the periphery with inhibitory and facilitating input from higher central nervous system areas. Most previous work focused on projections descending from the hindbrain. Less is known about inputs descending from the cerebral cortex. Here, we identified cholecystokinin (CCK) positive layer 5 pyramidal neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex (CCK + S1-corticospinal tract [CST] neurons) as a major source of input to the spinal dorsal horn. We combined intersectional genetics and virus-mediated gene transfer to characterize CCK+ S1-CST neurons and to define their presynaptic input and postsynaptic target neurons. We found that S1-CST neurons constitute a heterogeneous population that can be subdivided into distinct molecular subgroups. Rabies-based retrograde tracing revealed monosynaptic input from layer 2\/3 pyramidal neurons, from parvalbumin positive cortical interneurons, and from thalamic relay neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus. Wheat germ agglutinin-based anterograde tracing identified postsynaptic target neurons in dorsal horn laminae III and IV. About 60% of these neurons were inhibitory and about 60% of all spinal target neurons expressed the transcription factor c-Maf. The heterogeneous nature of both S1-CST neurons and their spinal targets suggest complex roles in the fine-tuning of sensory processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgaa052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,20]],"date-time":"2020-08-20T00:17:07Z","timestamp":1597882627000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["In-Depth Characterization of Layer 5 Output Neurons of the Primary Somatosensory Cortex Innervating the Mouse Dorsal Spinal Cord"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"1","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5812-6664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N","family":"Frezel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Platonova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F F","family":"Voigt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CHJ-8057 Zurich CH-8057 , Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J M","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Kastli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CHJ-8057 Zurich CH-8057 , Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Z\u00fcrich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Karayannis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CHJ-8057 Zurich CH-8057 , Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich CH-8057, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F","family":"Helmchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, CHJ-8057 Zurich CH-8057 , Switzerland"},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich CH-8057, 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