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In the present study, we investigated the process of establishing a UV lesion. Rats underwent UV irradiation (365-nm wavelength, 2.0 mWh) over the dura, and time-dependent changes in the cortical tissue were analyzed histologically. We found that the majority of neurons in the lesion started to degenerate within 24\u00a0h and the rest disappeared within 5\u00a0days after irradiation. UV-induced neuronal degeneration progressed in a layer-dependent manner. Moreover, UV-induced terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) positivity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) immunoreactivity were also detected. These findings suggest that UV irradiation in the brain can induce gradual neural degeneration and oxidative stress. Importantly, UV vulnerability may vary among cortical layers. UV-induced cell death may be due to apoptosis; however, there remains a possibility that UV-irradiated cells were degenerated via processes other than apoptosis. The UV lesion technique will not only assist in investigating brain function at a targeted site but may also serve as a pathophysiological model of focal brain injury and\/or neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/texcom\/tgab006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,31]],"date-time":"2021-01-31T10:05:16Z","timestamp":1612087516000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["UV-Induced Neuronal Degeneration in the Rat Cerebral Cortex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9530-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariko","family":"Nakata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Neuroscience Research Group, Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, 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