{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:13:20Z","timestamp":1790741600787,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,11]],"date-time":"2020-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81530085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81530085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81773359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81773359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31470827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31470827"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Whole-body exposure to low-dose radiation due to diagnostic imaging procedures, occupational hazards and radiation accidents is a source of concern. In this study, we analyzed the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system. Male Balb\/c mice received a single whole-body dose of irradiation (0.01, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5 or 1\u00a0Gy). For long-term irradiation, mice were irradiated 10 times (total dose of 0.2, 0.5 or 1\u00a0Gy) over a period of 6\u00a0weeks. Two days after single or long-term irradiation, the numbers of splenic macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells were reduced, and the spleen organ coefficient was decreased. At 2\u00a0Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of the mice decreased. Between 7 and 14\u00a0Days after long-term low-dose irradiation, the number of immune cells in the thymus and spleen began to increase and then stabilized. Th1\/Th2 cytokines and reactive oxygen species-related proteins first decreased and then increased to a plateau. Our results show a significant difference in the effects of single and long-term low-dose irradiation on the immune system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/toxres\/tfaa017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,30]],"date-time":"2020-03-30T19:16:09Z","timestamp":1585595769000},"page":"249-262","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of low dose radiation on immune cells subsets and cytokines in mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiaochang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of South China, Zhengxiang District, Hengyang, Hunan Province 421001, P. R. China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, P. R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yike","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, 195 Dongfeng W Rd, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoxiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Haidian District, Beijing 100850, P. R. 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